Title
Prohibition and restriction of nepotism practices
Law
Executive Order No. 111
Decision Date
Aug 13, 1937
Manuel L. Quezon's Executive Order No. 111 prohibits nepotism in government appointments, barring the hiring of relatives within three degrees of consanguinity or affinity to ensure efficient public service and morale.

Law Summary

Prohibition on Appointment of Relatives

  • Prohibits appointments favoring relatives of the appointing authority or any person exercising immediate supervision over the appointee.
  • Applies to appointments within the entire governmental hierarchy covered by the order.

Restriction on Multiple Family Members in Same Office

  • If two or more family members are already employed in one office or bureau, no additional relative within the pertinent degree shall be appointed.
  • The restriction covers relatives up to the third degree of consanguinity or affinity.

Definition of "Relative" and "Members of the Family"

  • Defined as individuals related within the third degree either by blood (consanguinity) or by marriage (affinity).

Exemptions from the Prohibition and Restriction

  • Persons employed in a confidential capacity.
  • Teachers.
  • Physicians.
  • Members of the Army.
  • Each exemption requires a full report of the appointment to be submitted to the President.

Corrective Measures for Prior Contraventions

  • Existing appointments in contravention must be corrected by transferring the relative involved.
  • Pending transfer, no promotions shall be allowed in favor of the relative occupying a subordinate position or any family member in the office or bureau.

Exceptional Cases and Approval Process

  • Appointments or promotions contrary to the general rule may be allowed if:
    • The rule's application would reduce public service efficiency.
    • The rule's application would cause a clear injustice.
  • Such exceptions require approval from the Commissioner of Civil Service.

Legal Authority and Formalities

  • Issued by the President of the Philippines under constitutional and legal authority.
  • Signed by the President and the Secretary of the Interior.
  • Takes immediate effect from the date of signing.

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