Question & AnswerQ&A (PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1834)
Any person who promotes, maintains, or heads a rebellion or insurrection, or who participates therein engaging in war against the forces of the Government, destroying property, committing serious violence, exacting contributions, or diverting public funds, shall suffer the penalty of reclusion perpetua to death.
The conspiracy and proposal to commit rebellion or insurrection shall be punished by reclusion perpetua to death.
The penalty of reclusion perpetua to death shall be imposed on any person who incites others to rebellion or insurrection by means of speeches, proclamations, writings, emblems, banners, or other representations tending to the same end.
Any person participating in sedition shall suffer the penalty of reclusion perpetua to death.
Persons conspiring to commit the crime of sedition shall be punished by reclusion perpetua to death.
Inciting to sedition includes inciting others by speeches, proclamations, writings, emblems, cartoons, banners or other representations, uttering seditious words or libels against the government, disturbing lawful officers, instigating unlawful meetings, or leading to public disturbance. The penalty is reclusion perpetua to death.
Article 142-B imposes the penalty of reclusion perpetua to death on any person who gives aid and comfort to perpetrators of rebellion or sedition, or who uses mass communication facilities for propaganda, plots, or conspiracy to destabilize the government. Conviction also carries forfeiture and/or sequestration of related facilities and tools.
The penalty is prision mayor and a fine not exceeding 10,000 pesos for the first offense, and reclusion temporal and a fine of 20,000 pesos for a second conviction.
The penalty is prision correccional and a fine not exceeding 10,000 pesos for the first offense, and prision mayor and a fine of 20,000 pesos for a second conviction.
Illegal assemblies include meetings attended by armed persons to commit crimes or those inciting treason, rebellion, sedition, or assaults. Organizers or leaders face reclusion perpetua to death; mere attendees face prision correccional, or prision mayor to death if armed; carrying unlicensed firearms presumes leadership.
Illegal associations are those organized wholly or partly to commit crimes punishable under the code or contrary to public morals. Founders, directors, and presidents face prision mayor, while mere members suffer prision correccional.
This decree took effect immediately upon its signing on January 16, 1981.