Act No. 518

: Highway robbery or brigandage involves three or more persons conspiring together to steal carabao or other personal property by means of force and violence, roaming the highway or countryside armed with deadly weapons for this purpose.
: The penalty can be death or imprisonment for not less than twenty years, depending on the court’s discretion.
: No, it is not necessary to prove actual robbery; conviction can be based on evidence that the accused was a member of such an armed band beyond reasonable doubt.
: They may be punished in the Court of First Instance in any province where they may be taken or from which they may have fled.
: Knowingly giving information about police movement, securing stolen property from them, procuring supplies like food, clothing, arms, or ammunition and furnishing these to the band constitutes aiding or abetting.
: Imprisonment for not less than ten years and not more than twenty years upon conviction.
: Three or more persons conspiring together are required to form a band.
: Yes, it specifically mentions carabao or other personal property.
: Being armed with deadly weapons for the purpose of stealing is a defining element of the crime making the group a band of highway robbers or brigands.
: It took effect upon its passage, which was on November 12, 1902.