Title
Valencia vs. Republic
Case
G.R. No. L-43060
Decision Date
Jun 22, 1978
A telephone lineman's gastric ulcer, linked to irregular meals due to work demands, qualified for disability benefits despite retirement under Optional Retirement Law.

Case Summary (G.R. No. L-43060)

Employment Background and Medical Condition

Roberto Valencia began his employment with the Bureau of Telecommunications on November 26, 1945, as a telephone lineman, engaged in repairing telephone lines between Lucena City and Sariaya, Quezon. Over the course of his employment, he demonstrated irregular meal patterns particularly during emergencies. In December 1968, he manifested symptoms indicative of a gastric ulcer, including frequent epigastric pain and bloody stools, leading to a diagnosis from his physician.

Claims and Initial Rulings

On November 25, 1974, Valencia filed a Notice of Sickness, which subsequently led to a claim for disability benefits and medical expense reimbursement on March 24, 1975. A favorable decision was granted on November 12, 1975, by the Acting Referee, awarding him compensation of P2,198.84, weekly compensation thereafter, reimbursement of medical costs, and attorney's fees.

Reversal by the Workmen's Compensation Commission

Upon appeal, the Workmen's Compensation Commission reversed the Referee's decision, disallowing Valencia's claim based on two primary arguments: (1) that the gastric ulcer was not work-related but a result of dietary habits and (2) that he retired under the Optional Retirement Law rather than as a result of incapacity due to his illness.

Legal Analysis of Employment-Related Illness

The petitioner's assertion that his work environment contributed to his medical condition was supported by his physician’s report, which indicated that his job required external work, likely influencing his eating schedule. The Commission’s reliance on one segment of the medical report (regarding hyperacidosis and dietary habits) was deemed insufficient, as other parts of the report confirmed the connection between the illness and employment.

Medical Definitions and Dietary Habits

Hyperacidosis, described as an excessive accumulation of acid, directly precedes the occurrence of gastric ulcers. The irregular eating habits of Valencia, driven by the demands of his job, were recognized as contributing factors to his medical condition, reinforcing that employment need not be the sole cause to establish a link for compensation benefits.

Burden of Causation

Given that Valencia's ulcer became manifest after 23 years of continuous service, the legal presumption arose that his illness was work-related, alleviating him of proving causation. The burden to contest this presumption fell on the Bureau of Telecommunications, which was unable to produce evidence sufficient to disprove the connection.

Optional Retirement and Its Implications

The

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