Title
Supreme Court
Tonog vs. Court of Appeals
Case
G.R. No. 122906
Decision Date
Feb 7, 2002
Unmarried parents dispute custody of child; Supreme Court prioritizes child’s welfare, grants temporary custody to father, defers final decision to trial court.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 219755)

Background of the Case

The dispute revolves around the custody of Gardin Faith Belarde Tonog, an illegitimate child born to petitioner Dinah B. Tonog and private respondent Edgar V. Daguimol on September 23, 1989. Initially, after her birth, the child was cared for by Daguimol and his family when Tonog moved to the United States for work as a registered nurse.

Judicial Proceedings History

On January 10, 1992, Daguimol filed for guardianship over Gardin Faith in the Regional Trial Court of Quezon City, leading to a judgment on March 9, 1992, appointing him as the legal guardian. Tonog became aware of this ruling only on April 1, 1992, prompting her to seek relief from judgment. The trial court granted her motion, allowing her to contest the guardianship on September 15, 1992.

Trial Court Resolutions

The trial court ultimately ruled in favor of Tonog, granting her custody over Gardin Faith via a resolution on November 18, 1994. However, Daguimol sought to challenge this decision through a petition for certiorari, which was initially dismissed by the Court of Appeals on March 21, 1995. Subsequently, Daguimol's motion for reconsideration resulted in a modified decision on August 29, 1995, awarding physical custody to Daguimol.

Grounds for Custody Contest

Tonog argued that, as the mother of Gardin Faith, she held legal rights to custody under the presumption enshrined in law, particularly claiming that no child under seven should be separated from the mother without compelling reasons. By the time of the appeal, Gardin Faith was twelve, prompting the need to evaluate her welfare and preferences in custody discussions.

Legal Principles Involved

The ruling emphasized the paramount criterion of the child's welfare in custodial disputes, invoking the Family Code provisions addressing parental authority. Relevant articles affirm that illegitimate children remain under maternal authority, and the law generally presumes a mother's capability as the primary custodian of her child.

Court Findings

The court acknowledged the potential emotional impact of transferring custody from Tonog to Daguimol. It ruled that disrupting Gardin Faith's familiar environment for the sake of a change in custody could be detrimental until a definitive legal resolution occurred regarding her guardianship.

Conclusion of the Ruling

Ultimately, the petit

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