Title
Republic vs. Rosario
Case
G.R. No. 186635
Decision Date
Jan 27, 2016
Segundina Rosario sought reconstitution of TCT No. 269615 over UP Diliman land; SC ruled it void due to overlap with UP's indefeasible titles, citing fraudulent evidence.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 186635)

Factual Background

In November 1997, Segundina Rosario petitioned the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Quezon City for the reconstitution of TCT No. 269615, asserting it covered several lots in a subdivision plan. Rosario's claim was supported by a copy of the title and a certification stating that the original title was destroyed in a fire that occurred at the Quezon City Hall. Various documents signifying possession of the land were also submitted, including tax receipts and a sketch plan.

Opposition to the Petition

The Republic and UP opposed the reconstitution petition, asserting that the documents presented by Rosario were suspect concerning their authenticity and that TCT No. 269615 overlaps with valid titles under UP. They presented testimonies from several witnesses, including representatives from the Land Registration Authority (LRA) and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), who indicated the claims made by Rosario conflicted with existing land titles owned by UP.

Proceedings before the RTC

During the RTC hearings, discrepancies in the documents submitted by Rosario were noted. For instance, a claimed original tax declaration did not match the photocopy provided, and certain annotations suggesting limitations on the use of a sketch plan were missing. Despite this, the RTC granted the reconstitution of TCT No. 269615 in favor of Rosario.

Court of Appeals Decision

Following the RTC's ruling, both the Republic and UP appealed to the Court of Appeals, which upheld the RTC's order for reconstitution, asserting that the case did not adjudicate ownership but merely validated the existence of a document based on Rosario's presented evidence.

Issues Raised by the Petitioner

The Republic and UP raised three primary issues on appeal: the court's alleged error in affirming the reconstitution despite accusations of fraud regarding TCT No. 269615, the sufficiency of evidence supporting Rosario's claim, and the contradiction of the decisions with previous Supreme Court rulings affirming the indefeasibility of UP's land titles.

Supreme Court Ruling

The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Republic and UP, emphasizing that a petition for reconstitution is not a mere formality but requires careful examination of the authenticity of all presented evidence. The Court stated that UP's titles were legally acknowledged, and Rosario's title was found to overlap with valid titles held by UP, indicating the spurious nature of TCT No. 269615.

Importance of Judicial Precedents

The Court reiterated that UP's title

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