Title
People vs. Pacificador
Case
G.R. No. 139405
Decision Date
Mar 13, 2001
A government official facilitated the sale of public land at a grossly undervalued price in 1975. Charged under the Anti-Graft Act, the case was dismissed due to prescription, as the crime was deemed discovered upon deed registration in 1975, not 1987.
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Case Summary (G.R. No. 139405)

Background of the Case

The case involves a petition for review on certiorari concerning the dismissal of the Information in Criminal Case No. 13044 against Arturo Pacificador, charged with a violation of the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act. The charges stem from alleged corrupt actions taken between December 6, 1975, and January 6, 1976, involving the sale of government property at a grossly disadvantageous price, causing substantial financial injury to the government.

Initial Proceedings

After being arraigned, Pacificador filed a Motion to Dismiss the Information, claiming that the charge had prescribed and that the Information did not properly charge an offense according to existing jurisprudence. The Sandiganbayan initially denied this motion, ruling that the prescription period was interrupted by the filing of the complaint, but it lacked clarity regarding the complaint's filing date.

Reconsideration and Dismissal

Following the denial, on December 7, 1998, Pacificador sought reconsideration, arguing that the prescription period was, indeed, expired due to the applicable law governing special offenses. On February 3, 1999, the Sandiganbayan agreed and dismissed the Information, clarifying its earlier application of the Revised Penal Code instead of the more relevant Act No. 3326 governing prescription periods for special laws.

Petitioner's Argument

The petitioner challenged the Sandiganbayan's dismissal, asserting that R.A. No. 3019 included its own fifteen-year prescriptive period, which had not been properly considered. Additionally, the petitioner argued that the crime could only be deemed discovered in 1987, when a formal complaint was filed, therefore allowing the information's filing in 1988 to fall within the allowable period.

Respondent's Defense

Respondent Pacificador maintained that the sale of the property was registered, implicating constructive notice to all parties, thus marking the start of the prescription period. He further cited past judicial decisions underscoring that under Act No. 3326, the prescription periods should not begin anew if the complainants were aware of the transaction details through official registration.

Court's Analysis and Ruling

The Supreme Court upheld the Sandiganbayan's ruling, emphasizing that Act No. 3326 indeed governs the prescriptive period for R.A. No. 3019 violations. It noted that

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