Title
National Development Co. vs. Province of Nueva Ecija
Case
G.R. No. L-51223
Decision Date
Nov 25, 1983
Province of Nueva Ecija sued NDC for unpaid real estate taxes on properties acquired for resale, not public use. SC ruled NDC liable, affirming no statutory tax exemption for its commercial activities.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 163504)

Facts of the Case

On October 16, 1972, the Province of Nueva Ecija initiated legal proceedings against the NDC, seeking to recover unpaid real estate taxes. The trial court reached a judgment on April 17, 1975, in favor of the Province, ordering the NDC to pay P32,402.94 for taxes and penalties covering the period from the fourth quarter of 1970 to 1972, in addition to ongoing payments. The NDC's appeal contested the trial court's findings and sought both reversal of the tax liability and a refund for taxes paid from 1952 to 1970.

Argument of the NDC

The NDC contended that it is a government-owned and controlled corporation established under Commonwealth Act No. 182 and is subsequently exempt from real estate taxes as its properties are considered owned by the Republic of the Philippines. It referred to precedent, specifically the case of Board of Assessment Appeals of Laguna vs. Court of Tax Appeals and NAWASA, asserting that tax exemptions apply to governmental and sovereign properties, with distinctions made only for business-related taxes.

Court's Findings on Tax Exemption

The appellate court found the NDC's claims for tax exemption unmeritorious. The court noted that Commonwealth Act No. 182 contains no provision expressly relieving the NDC from real estate tax obligations. The properties at issue are primarily categorized as riceland and are not intended for public use but for resale, thus disqualifying them for tax exemptions typically granted to governmental entities.

Importance of Municipal Revenue

The court emphasized the significance of real estate taxes for municipalities like Gabaldon, asserting that the substantial landholdings of the NDC represent a crucial source of revenue necessary for local governance and public services. The judgment highlighted that exempting the NDC from tax would substantially infringe upon the local government’s fiscal capacity to operate effectively.

Classification and Nature of NDC

The NDC was characterized as a business corporation, distinct from municipal or public corporations as its operations do not involve exercising sovereign functions. This classification allows the NDC to be subject to taxation and lawsuits without the same consent requirements required of the government. Reference was made to previous rulings, clarifying that NDC's functions ali

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