Title
Lucero vs. De Guzman
Case
G.R. No. 20942
Decision Date
Apr 5, 1924
In a 1922 La Union gubernatorial election, Juan T. Lucero contested Tomas F. de Guzman's narrow victory, alleging fraud and vote miscounts, ultimately securing a Supreme Court win by 24 votes after jurisdictional and procedural challenges.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 20942)

Election Background

Four candidates contested the governorship, namely, Lucero, De Guzman, Fulgencio Quezada, and Fabian S. Abellera. After vote counting, De Guzman was declared elected with a plurality of 39 votes. Lucero instituted an election contest shortly after the election results were announced, which led to a protracted legal battle. The Court of First Instance ruled in favor of De Guzman before Lucero's appeal was taken to a higher court.

Jurisdictional Issue with the Bond

De Guzman raised a motion to dismiss based on the alleged invalidity of a bond provided by Lucero, claiming a female bondsman’s husband did not consent to her obligation as a surety. The court allowed substitution of the bond, thereby denying the motion to dismiss. The appellate court upheld that jurisdiction was not destroyed due to the alleged bond deficiencies, reinforcing that proper jurisdictional averments need only be filed within the statutory timeframe.

Verification of Vote Counts

A significant issue arose concerning the validity of vote counts attributed to Lucero, particularly in the first precinct of Santo Tomas, where his votes were reduced from 173 to 100 by the trial judge based on accusations of fraud. The appellate court found evidence supporting Lucero’s claim to the 173 votes and determined that no substantial fraud had occurred regarding the vote counts.

Examination of Elections Procedures

The trial judge's conclusions were scrutinized based on the integrity of election procedures and ballot box security. Testimonies from various witnesses and evidence regarding the handling of ballots indicated that the process had remained intact and secure until the official counting.

Allegations of Irregularities and Practices

Irregularities were reported concerning conditions at polling places and allegations of corrupt practices associated with Lucero’s campaign efforts to repair local roads, which were misinterpreted as vote-buying. The appellate court considered these actions to be public service rather than corrupt inducements for votes, thus reinstating the four votes deducted by the trial judge.

Evaluation of Ballots and Counter-Protests

The appeal led to a broader examination of ballots across multiple precincts, where discrepancies were noted between the counts recorded and the ballots cast. The court clarified that election contests should be determined primarily through the counting of ballots rather than strict adherence to initial allegations made by the parties, thereby allowing for corrections based on newly revealed evidence.

Administrative Code and Ballot Validity

The court addressed issues regarding the Administrative Code concerning the procedure for counting ballots and the significance of minor defects. It was specified that accidental errors or defects during ballot casting did not invalidate lawful votes,

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