Title
Llaban y Catalan vs. Court of Appeals
Case
G.R. No. 63226
Decision Date
Dec 20, 1991
The Supreme Court ruled that the lower court lacked jurisdiction to modify the final 1916 cadastral decision, and Judge Ramolete’s orders were issued with grave abuse of discretion. Claims by non-adjudicatees must be resolved in a separate civil action.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 63226)

Historical Background

The original decision dated September 13, 1916, adjudicated various parties to Lot No. 6017. Subsequent to that, the Court reaffirmed the 1916 adjudication in a 1925 order. In 1932, the court modified the decision under motions from spouses Filemon Sotto and Carmen Rallos, who claimed shares due to purchase from original adjudicatees, thereby altering the ownership stakes without any original adjudicatees appealing this modification.

Subsequent Developments

After a significant period, in 1974, new claimants, represented by Atty. Paul Gorres, initiated a petition to formalize a registration decree. The Court ordered a decree based on the prior decisions, leading to confusion about ownership and the exact allocations of shares based on multiple transactions involved since the court's earlier decision.

Legal Proceedings

In 1979, a petition was filed again by Jose G. Paulin to submit a subdivision plan for Lot No. 6017, which was approved by the Bureau of Lands. This plan detailed individual allocations of the sub-lots among various claimants. Following this, another petition was filed by Eugenia Llaban y Catalan, which led to conflicting claims regarding the finality and legitimacy of the orders.

Court’s Jurisdiction and Rulings

The lower court’s jurisdiction was questioned, specifically whether it had the authority to issue a final decree modifying the 1916 decision after such a long time and without a formal trial. The court's decisions in 1981 further complicated matters, as Judge Ramolete ruled on ownership amid ongoing disputes, primarily based on limited motions rather than comprehensive hearings.

Court of Appeals Involvement

Petitioners challenged Judge Ramolete’s rulings in the Court of Appeals, arguing lack of jurisdiction and grave abuse of discretion, primarily due to procedural missteps, such as the absence of formal evidence and hearings. The Appeals Court denied the petition, stating that the issues could not be resolved without venturing into substantive matters.

Supreme Court Determination

The Supreme Court ultimately determined that the lower court had indeed acted outside its jurisdiction by attempting to modify a final decision from 1916. It ruled that the decision, as amended in 1932, had already become final and unappealable. The Court emphasized that the lack of a final decree did not negate the finality of the underlying decision concerning ownership.

Ruling on Claims and Decrees

The Supreme Court concluded that proper proceedings were not adhered to by the lower court and that there was a significant disregard for due process, as hea

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