Title
Gumabay vs. Baralin
Case
G.R. No. L-30683
Decision Date
May 31, 1977
Celestina Gumabay sued to recover land ownership after defendants forcibly harvested crops; court upheld her claim, denied defendants' relief petition, and affirmed default judgment.

Case Summary (G.R. No. L-30683)

Factual Background

Celestina Gumabay asserted ownership of the land, evidenced by Tax Declaration No. 17548-a, for which she paid realty taxes from 1948 to 1956. The conflict arose when the defendants allegedly entered the property on August 5, 1959, claiming ownership of the land. Consequently, on March 3, 1960, Gumabay filed a suit in the Court of First Instance of Cagayan seeking to recover possession of the land, while requesting to sue as a pauper litigant due to her financial constraints, a request that was granted.

Procedural History and Jurisdictional Issues

The defendants moved to dismiss Gumabay's original complaint based on jurisdictional grounds, arguing that the case, concerning forcible entry, should have been filed in a lower court. Without waiting for the ruling on the motion to dismiss, Gumabay amended her complaint to transform her action from forcible entry to an action to quiet title, citing changes in the defendants' claims of ownership. The lower court admitted the amended complaint, which the defendants contested, claiming they did not receive a proper notice of the court's order.

Default Judgment and Evidence Presented

The defendants failed to respond to the amended complaint, leading the lower court to declare them in default and allow Gumabay to present her evidence. During an ex parte hearing, Gumabay testified regarding her ownership history of the land, detailing prior cultivation by her father's tenants and the illicit actions taken by the defendants when they entered the land. Following the hearing, the lower court ruled in favor of Gumabay, affirming her ownership and awarding damages plus attorney's fees.

Appeal and Arguments

The defendants appealed the decision, arguing several points, including the trial court’s failure to dismiss the original complaint, the admission of the amended complaint without new summons, the declaration of default, and the denial of their petition for relief from judgment. They contended that the trial court improperly assumed jurisdiction and erred in handling the procedural aspects of the case.

Court’s Rationale and Conclusion

The Court, affirming the lower court’s judgment, found no merit in the defendants' arguments. It highlighted that the original complaint contained a prayer for

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