Title
Duncan vs. Court of 1st Instance of Rizal, Branch X
Case
G.R. No. L-30576
Decision Date
Feb 10, 1976
A childless couple sought to adopt a minor abandoned by his unwed mother. The trial court dismissed their petition, citing improper consent from the de facto guardian. The Supreme Court reversed, ruling abandonment nullified the need for maternal consent, upheld the guardian’s authority, and prioritized the child’s welfare.

Case Summary (G.R. No. L-30576)

Facts of the Case

In May 1967, the petitioners were given a three-day-old infant, later baptized as Colin Berry Christensen Duncan, by Attorney Corazon de Leon Velasquez. The infant was entrusted to Attorney Velasquez by an unwed mother who sought anonymity for personal reasons. Petitioners, having previously adopted another child, filed a petition for adoption in September 1967.

Legal Reasoning for Dismissal

The trial court dismissed the adoption petition on the grounds that the consent from the biological mother was not properly obtained. Judge Mariano emphasized that under Article 340 of the Civil Code, the consent of the "parents, guardian or person in charge" of the adopted child is obligatory, and since the identity of the natural mother was known, her consent was necessary.

Issues Raised by Petitioners

The petitioners challenged the trial court's interpretation of the consent requirement. They presented several arguments, including the claim that the privilege of communication between Attorney Velasquez and the biological mother limited her obligation to reveal the mother's identity and give consent. They also contended that the lack of maintenance and support provided by the mother indicated that she had abandoned her child.

Court’s Analysis of Abandonment

The Court found that the biological mother had completely abandoned her child, as evidenced by her failure to inquire about the child's well-being or support after relinquishing custody. Therefore, the requirement for the mother's consent was rendered moot. The Court referenced previous decisions that defined abandonment as any parental conduct indicating a settled intention to forgo parental claims.

Recognizing the Role of Attorney Velasquez

The Court acknowledged Attorney Velasquez as the de facto guardian of the child, asserting that she fulfilled the role of protecting and caring for the abandoned infant. Since the mother did not present herself or provide mutual care, the Court held that Velasquez acted within her capacity to consent to the adoption.

Humane Considerations in Adoption Law

The Court emphasized the need for a more compassionate interpretation of adoption laws, arguing th

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