Title
Supreme Court
Chua vs. Republic
Case
G.R. No. 231998
Decision Date
Nov 20, 2017
Eric Sibayan Chua sought to change his surname from "Kiat" to "Chua" to align with lifelong usage, supported by evidence and community recognition. SC granted the petition, citing avoidance of confusion and administrative complications.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 231998)

Applicable Law and Nature of the Case

The decision rests on provisions found in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. The petition for change of name was initiated under Rule 45 of the Rules of Court, contesting previous decisions rendered by the Court of Appeals which disallowed Eric from changing the name registered on his birth certificate.

Legal Proceedings and Factual Background

On January 7, 2013, Eric filed his petition in which he claimed to have been born to Cheong Kiat, a Chinese national, and Melania Sibayan, a Filipino. Following the birth, his father secured a legal change of this surname to "Chua," which was also the name Eric had adopted and used in all his personal documentation. The case was heard in Special Proceeding Case No. 907 before the Regional Trial Court (RTC) in Balaoan, La Union.

Testimonies and Evidence Presented

During the RTC proceedings, Eric testified about the lack of access to his father’s birth certificate and how he had always used "Chua" for all credentials including baptismal and voter certification. His mother corroborated this assertion, explaining that it was an error in registration that incorrectly recorded his name. Witnesses from the community also affirmed that he was recognized as "Eric Chua."

Regional Trial Court's Ruling

On January 22, 2014, the RTC granted Eric’s petition, asserting the change of name was merely a correction of records. The RTC directed the Local Civil Registrar to amend Eric’s birth certificate accordingly.

Court of Appeals Ruling

The Republic, via the Office of the Solicitor General, appealed the RTC's decision. On November 7, 2016, the Court of Appeals reversed the RTC's ruling, asserting that Eric had not sufficiently proven his father's legal name change nor demonstrated clear prejudice from using his registered name, thus dismissing the petition for lack of factual basis.

Supreme Court's Findings

The Supreme Court concluded that the Court of Appeals erred in its assessment. It found the petition valid based not only on the claim regarding Eric's father’s name change but also on the fact that Eric had been using "Chua" consistently across various documents. The Court recognized several acceptable grounds for a name change, including the avoidance of confusion, which was applicable in this case due to Eric's established community identity as "Eric Chua."

Legal Basis for the Ruling

Referencing earlier jurisprudence, particularly Republic v. Coseteng-Magpayo, the Court affirmed that established usage and community re

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