Title
Acance vs. Court of Appeals
Case
G.R. No. 159699
Decision Date
Mar 16, 2005
Dispute over Muntinlupa land ownership; Acance siblings declared in default due to defective extraterritorial summons. SC reversed, remanded for trial.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 159699)

Background of the Case

On May 23, 2001, the respondents filed an amended complaint against the petitioners to annul the Extra-Judicial Settlement of the Estate of Jesus P. Acance, executed on February 10, 1997. This settlement involved two parcels of land in Muntinlupa City and the associated improvements. The respondents, claiming to be the legitimate children of Angela Paglicawan from a previous marriage, argued that the properties in question were acquired during her marriage with Vernier Quijano, thus making them heirs.

Allegations of Forgery and Lack of Volition

The respondents asserted that Angela’s signature on the settlement was a result of forgery or that it was executed without her consent due to her senility at the time. They contended that this invalidated the extra-judicial settlement and rendered the subsequent Transfer Certificates of Titles (TCT) void.

Court's Initial Action

On April 26, 2002, the RTC declared the petitioners in default for failing to respond to the amended complaint. Subsequently, against this default status, Rosalino Acance filed a motion to lift the order. He claimed that he had not received proper notice of the proceedings and that he was misled to believe his participation was still under consideration by the court.

Denial of Motion to Lift Default

The RTC denied the motion to lift the default order, ruling that the petitioners had been properly served through publication and that the period to file an answer had lapsed. The court emphasized that the non-residency of the petitioners was irrelevant and highlighted their failure to meet the timelines established for responding to the complaint.

Certiorari and Appellate Review

In response, the petitioners filed a petition for certiorari in the Court of Appeals alleging grave abuse of discretion due to the RTC's denial of their motion to lift the default order. They posited that not filing a motion for reconsideration was justified under the circumstances.

Appellate Court’s Rulings

The Court of Appeals dismissed the certiorari petition based on the petitioners' failure to file a motion for reconsideration as a procedural prerequisite. The petitioners contested this ruling, arguing that exceptions to the rule applied, including urgency and previously raised jurisdictional issues.

Supreme Court Decision

Upon review, the Supreme Court found that while it is generally necessary to file a motion for reconsideration prior to a certiorari petition, exceptions existed. The Court ruled that the circumstances warranted this exception due to the urgency involved and the failure of the RTC to properly serve summons in compliance with the rules concerning extraterritorial service. The Court specifically noted that there was inadequate proof of proper service both through registered mail and

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