Title
Sayson y Parocha vs. People
Case
G.R. No. 249289
Decision Date
Sep 28, 2020
Petitioner acquitted of illegal drug possession due to prosecution's failure to comply with chain of custody rules, compromising evidence integrity.
A

Case Digest (G.R. No. L-877)

Facts:

  • Background and Charges
    • Petitioner Joseph Sayson y Parocha was charged in two separate Informations involving:
      • Illegal Possession of Dangerous Drugs under Section 11, Article II of Republic Act No. 9165, as amended.
      • Illegal Sale of Dangerous Drugs under Section 5, Article II of RA 9165, as amended.
    • The accusatory portions detailed that:
      • In Criminal Case No. 16-08049, on July 25, 2016 in Quezon City, petitioner was alleged to have, without legal authority, in his possession five (5) heat-sealed transparent plastic sachets containing a total of 0.12 gram of Methamphetamine hydrochloride.
      • In Criminal Case No. 16-08050, on the same date and location, petitioner was charged with unlawfully selling one (1) sachet containing 0.02 gram of Methamphetamine hydrochloride.
  • Events Leading to Arrest and Evidence Gathering
    • On July 25, 2016, based on a tip from a confidential informant:
      • Members of Police Station 11, Quezon City, formed a buy-bust team and conducted an operation against petitioner at ROTC Hunters, Tatalon, Quezon City.
      • During the operation, one sachet of suspected shabu (methamphetamine hydrochloride) was initially recovered.
    • Subsequent Developments at the Scene and Arrest:
      • Upon arrest and subsequent frisking of petitioner, five additional sachets were recovered from his possession.
      • Due to a gathered crowd at the scene, one police officer (Florante Lacob) transported the confiscated items to the Barangay Hall of Tatalon, Quezon City.
        • The marking and inventory of the items were witnessed by the duty desk officer, Conrado M. Manalo.
      • Thereafter, the items were brought to the police station and forwarded to the crime laboratory.
        • The laboratory examination confirmed that the contents tested positive for methamphetamine hydrochloride.
  • Procedural History
    • Regional Trial Court (RTC) Decision:
      • On September 8, 2017, RTC Branch 228, Quezon City in Criminal Case No. R-QZN-08049 to 50-CR rendered a Decision.
        • Petitioner was found guilty beyond reasonable doubt of Illegal Possession of Dangerous Drugs.
        • Petitioner was sentenced to an indeterminate penalty of twelve (12) years and one (1) day to fourteen (14) years imprisonment and fined P300,000.00.
        • Petitioner was acquitted of the charge of Illegal Sale of Dangerous Drugs due to failure of proof.
    • Court of Appeals (CA) Decision:
      • On March 14, 2019, the CA affirmed in toto the RTC ruling.
        • The CA held that all elements for establishing Illegal Possession were proven.
        • It justified the marking of the seized items at the barangay hall due to the commotion from the crowd.
        • It noted that while there were no required witnesses to the marking and inventory, the police officers had exerted earnest efforts to secure their presence.
      • In a Resolution dated September 12, 2019, the CA denied petitioner’s motion for reconsideration.
    • Petition for Review on Certiorari:
      • Petitioner sought to annul and set aside the CA’s decision, specifically questioning whether the CA erred in affirming his conviction for Illegal Possession of Dangerous Drugs.

Issues:

  • Whether the Court of Appeals erred in affirming petitioner’s conviction for Illegal Possession of Dangerous Drugs considering the integrity and chain of custody of the seized evidence.
  • Whether the non-compliance with the mandatory witness presence requirement during the marking and inventory of the seized items invalidated the chain of custody, thereby compromising the evidentiary value of the corpus delicti.

Ruling:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

Ratio:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

Doctrine:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

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