Key Definitions
- Development Rights: Rights to develop and intensify land use
- Land Assembly: Acquiring multiple lots for planned development
- Land Banking: Acquiring land before actual need to influence prices and promote planning
- Land Exchange: Bartering land or shares with government entities
- Joint Venture: Collaboration of separate interests for mutual benefit
- Tenant: Rightful occupant with continuous residence, excludes forceful or tolerated occupants
- Urban Lands: Areas with high population density and non-agricultural economic activity
- Urbanizable Lands: Areas likely to become urban within 5 to 10 years
Proclamation and Planning of Urban Land Reform Zones (Urban Zones)
- The President proclaims specific urban/urbanizable lands as Urban Land Reform Zones
- Ministry of Human Settlements prepares development and zoning plans
- Strict adherence to approved plans required for land use and disposition
Establishment of Urban Land Reform Coordinating Council
- Composed of Ministers from key government departments and Land Bank President
- Formulates policies, rules, and regulations for program implementation
- Ministry of Human Settlements chairs the Council
Protection of Legitimate Tenants and Residents
- Tenants with 10+ years residence and homeowners cannot be dispossessed
- Right of first refusal to purchase land at reasonable terms
- Government to acquire land if tenants cannot purchase, including expropriation
Power of Eminent Domain and Urban Zone Expropriation Committee
- Ministry given eminent domain power within Urban Zones
- Committee created to assist in expropriation, planning, and land management
Declaration of Sale and Pre-emptive Acquisition Rights
- Landowners and tenants must declare plans to sell, lease, or encumber land
- Ministry holds pre-emptive right to acquire such lands
Urban Land Ceiling and Acquisition Limits
- Batasang Pambansa sets maximum land ownership size to prevent concentration
- Government may acquire excess lands
Innovative Land Acquisition Techniques
- Includes land assembly, banking, exchange, consolidation, readjustment, joint ventures
- Alternative methods beyond purchase and expropriation authorized
Valuation and Registry Systems
- Ministry of Finance develops new valuation methods suited for innovative acquisition
- Establishment of Official Development Registry to register land rights and development intents
- Registry information mandatory from landholders and developers
Role of Bureau of Lands and Land Registration Commission
- Provide cadastral maps and information
- Must get Ministry clearance for transactions in Urban Zones
Land Disposition Policies and Techniques
- Combination of disposition methods encouraged
- Authorized to provide neighborhood ownership, freeholds with conditions, separate tenure for improvements
- Human Settlements Development Corporation empowered to dispose lands accordingly
Development Use Permit System
- No land development, alterations, or construction without Development Use Permit
- Permits issued by Ministry through Regulatory Commission
Taxation and Inventory of Idle Lands
- Tax system to support reform policies within Urban Zones
- Inventory and assessment of idle lands prioritized in Urban Zones
Land Development Financing and Accounting
- Programs for mobilizing funds from private and public sectors
- Land Development Accounting System for tracking transactions and revenues
Public Hearings and Participation
- Ministry must conduct public hearings after proclamation of Urban Zones
- Allows affected parties to present views and grievances
Penalties and Administrative Sanctions
- Administrative fines up to P10,000 for violations
- Penal fines up to P20,000 and/or imprisonment up to ten years
- Separate offenses for each day violation continues
- Penalties apply to officials in corporations or associations; immigrants subject to deportation after sentence
Repealing, Separability, and Effectivity Clauses
- Repeals inconsistent laws, orders, and rules
- Invalid provisions do not affect the remainder of the Decree
- Effective immediately upon promulgation