Title
PH-US 1946 Treaty of General Relations
Law
Proclamation No. 11
Decision Date
Oct 22, 1946
Manuel Roxas proclaims the ratification of the treaty recognizing the independence of the Republic of the Philippines and establishing diplomatic relations with the United States, marking the end of American sovereignty over the islands.
A

Diplomatic and Consular Privileges

  • Diplomatic representatives from both countries enjoy privileges and immunities as per international law.
  • Consular officers with exequatur allowed residence as permitted by local laws.
  • Consular officers receive honorary privileges and immunities aligned with international customs.
  • Equal treatment ensured with respect to similar officers of other foreign countries.

Representation in Foreign Countries

  • Pending the establishment of Philippine diplomatic missions abroad, the U.S. will represent Philippine interests where feasible upon request.
  • Such representation arrangements are subject to termination by either country.

Assumption of Philippine Debts and Liabilities

  • The Philippines assumes all valid debts and liabilities of its former territories, provinces, cities, municipalities, and instrumentalities.
  • Provisions for funds to pay interest and principal on bonds issued before May 1, 1934.
  • These obligations secure a first lien on taxes collected within the Philippines.

Judicial Review and Cases Pending Before U.S. Supreme Court

  • Cases pending before the U.S. Supreme Court at independence continue to be under its review until disposition.
  • After disposition, the U.S. Supreme Court will no longer have review rights over Philippine cases.

Claims and Property Rights Adjustment

  • Claims between the Governments and their nationals to be promptly settled if not covered by existing laws.
  • Property rights of citizens and corporations of both countries are recognized, respected, and safeguarded equally.
  • Representatives from both governments will agree upon measures for the fair and speedy disposition of claims.

Assumption of Obligations Under Prior Treaties

  • The Philippines assumes continuing obligations that the U.S. had under the Treaty of Paris (1898) and the Washington Treaty (1900) regarding the Philippine Islands.

Treaty Effectivity and Ratification

  • The treaty enters into force upon exchange of ratification instruments.
  • Ratification of the treaty to follow constitutional procedures of both countries.
  • Instruments of ratification to be exchanged and deposited in Manila.

Protocol Clarifications

  • Treaty purpose is to recognize Philippine independence and maintain close relations.
  • Does not regulate detailed arrangements on mutual defense, claims settlement, property rights, or legal provisions.
  • Treaty does not preclude further treaties or executive agreements on specific matters.
  • Articles II and III to be observed by executive agreement pending final ratification.

Proclamation and Publication

  • The Philippine Senate concurred with the treaty approval per constitutional requirements.
  • The treaty was ratified by the Philippine President and the U.S. Government.
  • Instruments of ratification exchanged in Manila on October 22, 1946.
  • Official proclamation made to ensure faithful observation and fulfillment by the Philippines and its citizens.

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