Title
Creation of Tanodbayan Office, powers, duties
Law
Presidential Decree No. 1487
Decision Date
Jun 11, 1978
Presidential Decree No. 1487 establishes the Office of the Ombudsman, an independent body headed by the Ombudsman, responsible for investigating administrative acts and promoting integrity in government service in the Philippines.
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Qualifications and Disqualifications

  • The Tanodbayan and Deputies must be bar members, skilled in law, administration, and public policy.
  • They must not participate actively in partisan politics.
  • They cannot engage in any profession, business management, or have financial interests in government contracts during their term.

Term and Salary

  • The Tanodbayan and Deputies serve a seven-year term without reappointment.
  • Removal by the President is only for incapacity, neglect of duty, or misconduct.
  • Vacancies are temporarily filled by the Senior Deputy Tanodbayan.
  • Annual salaries are fixed at sixty thousand pesos for the Tanodbayan and fifty thousand pesos for Deputies, not subject to reduction.

Organization and Delegation

  • The Tanodbayan may appoint necessary assistants and employees under Civil Service Law within appropriated funds.
  • A Senior Deputy is designated to act in the Tanodbayan’s absence.
  • Delegation of authority within the office is allowed except for formal recommendations and reports.

Definitions

  • "Administrative agency" includes government departments, units, and government-owned or controlled corporations but excludes courts, Congress members, the President and personal staffs, and Constitutional Commissions.
  • "Administrative act" includes decisions, omissions, recommendations, and procedures of administrative agencies.
  • "Failure of justice" means the lack or inadequacy of legal remedies addressing rights or wrongs.

Powers of the Tanodbayan

  • Investigate complaints against administrative acts of governmental agencies and corporations.
  • Define complaint procedures and investigations.
  • Require assistance, access records, inspect premises unless national interest is compromised.
  • Issue subpoenas for testimony or evidence.
  • Participate in studies to improve administrative agency operations.

Scope of Investigation

  • Focuses on administrative acts that are illegal, unreasonable, unfair, arbitrary, improperly motivated, unclear, inefficient, or otherwise objectionable.
  • May promote procedures to prevent such objectionable acts.

Complaint Handling

  • Can receive complaints from any source without cost to the complainant.
  • Will decline investigation if redress is available elsewhere, the matter is outside jurisdiction, interest insufficient, complaint trivial or untimely, or resources insufficient.
  • Complainants and concerned agencies are informed of outcomes.
  • Correspondence from detainees or institutionalized individuals forwarded to Tanodbayan unopened.

Consultation and Recommendations

  • The Tanodbayan must consult the subject agency or person before issuing critical conclusions.
  • May recommend further consideration, modification, or cancellation of administrative acts; regulatory changes; or explanations.
  • Agencies must respond to recommendations within specified timeframes.
  • May suggest legislative changes to the National Assembly if laws cause unfair results.

Publication and Reporting

  • May publish conclusions and recommendations to the President, National Assembly, press, and concerned parties.
  • Includes any explanations from the agency or official when critical opinions are published.
  • Annual report submitted to National Assembly and President, published in the Official Gazette, and distributed locally.
  • The report may withhold identification to prevent hardship and must include agencies’ replies to criticisms.

Prosecution Responsibilities

  • The Tanodbayan shall file and prosecute cases involving public officials or persons causing failure of justice before Sandiganbayan or appropriate courts.

Immunity and Legal Protection

  • Opinions or actions by the Tanodbayan or staff are not subject to court review.
  • No civil liability attaches to them for acts in their official duties.
  • They are exempt from testifying except in enforcement proceedings under the Decree.

Rights and Duties of Witnesses

  • Witnesses before the Tanodbayan receive fees and allowances similar to those in courts.
  • Witnesses have privileges, immunities, and the right to counsel while questioned.
  • Refusal to comply with subpoenas results in certification to courts and possible contempt proceedings.

Obstruction Penalties

  • Persons who obstruct or mislead the Tanodbayan face fines up to P1,000.

Relation to Other Laws

  • The Decree repeals Republic Act No. 6028 but supplements other laws and does not limit other remedies or appeals.
  • Powers of the Tanodbayan override statutes making administrative actions final or unappealable.

Appropriations

  • Necessary funds are authorized for implementation and included in general appropriations.

Effectivity

  • The Decree takes immediate effect upon signing.

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