Title
Supreme Court
Safe Spaces Act - Defines, prevents, penalizes harassment
Law
Republic Act No. 11313
Decision Date
Apr 17, 2019
The Safe Spaces Act (Republic Act No. 11313) is a Philippine law that aims to address gender-based sexual harassment in various settings, providing definitions, penalties, and mandates for implementation to protect the dignity and human rights of individuals, particularly women, in both private and public spaces.

Law Summary

Declaration of Policies

  • Upholds dignity and human rights of all persons.
  • Ensures gender equality and security in various environments including public spaces, work, school, and online.

Definitions

  • Catcalling: Unwanted remarks including wolf-whistling and sexist slurs.
  • Employee/Employer: Defined broadly including subcontracting and secondment agreements.
  • Gender: Socially ascribed behaviors and roles.
  • Gender-based online sexual harassment: Online acts causing mental or emotional distress, including cyberstalking and unauthorized sharing of photos.
  • Gender identity/expression: Personal identity related to masculine/feminine norms, including transgender.
  • Public spaces: Wide range including streets, malls, public transport, recreational areas.
  • Stalking: Repeated unwanted proximity or communication causing fear or distress.

Gender-Based Sexual Harassment in Streets and Public Spaces

  • Includes any unwanted sexual acts or remarks threatening personal safety.
  • Encompasses verbal and physical acts like catcalling, flashing, groping in diverse public areas.

Duties of Establishments Open to the Public

  • Zero-tolerance policy on gender-based sexual harassment.
  • Must assist victims, coordinate with police, display warning signs, provide hotlines.
  • Appoint anti-sexual harassment officers; security guards can act to apprehend offenders.

Sexual Harassment in Public Utility Vehicles

  • LTO can cancel driver licenses; LTFRB can suspend/revoke operator franchises.
  • Drivers committing acts may create presumption of negligence for operators.

Offenses by Minors

  • Subject to disciplinary measures under Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act.

Duties of Local Government Units (LGUs)

  • Must localize the Act through ordinances and public dissemination.
  • Implement prevention campaigns and establish hotlines.
  • Coordinate with DILG for enforcement.

Role of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)

  • Inspect LGUs for compliance.
  • Provide training and support to local officials.

Implementing Bodies for Streets and Public Spaces

  • MMDA, local PNP units, and Women and Children’s Protection Desk enforce the law.
  • Deputize Anti-Sexual Harassment Enforcers (ASHE).
  • Maintain offender ledger and support victims with psychological services.

Specific Acts and Penalties for Streets and Public Spaces Sexual Harassment

  • Categorized by severity with escalating fines and arrest periods:
    • Minor verbal offenses: fines and community service.
    • Lewd gestures or exposure: higher fines and longer arrest periods.
    • Stalking and physical contact: highest penalties including arresto mayor.

Gender-Based Online Sexual Harassment

  • Includes online threats, harassment, unauthorized sharing of sexual content, impersonation, and false abuse reports.

Implementing Bodies for Online Harassment

  • PNP Anti-Cybercrime Group primarily responsible.
  • Coordination with DICT Cybercrime Center.

Penalties for Online Sexual Harassment

  • Imprisonment or fines between ₱100,000 to ₱500,000.
  • Revocation of license/franchise for juridical persons; deportation for aliens.
  • Exceptions for lawful court-ordered use of online evidence.

Qualified Gender-Based Sexual Harassment

  • Penalties increase if offenses involve:
    • Public utility vehicles where the perpetrator is the driver.
    • Vulnerable groups such as minors, seniors, PWDs, breastfeeding mothers.
    • Persons with mental impairment.
    • Uniformed government service members committing offenses in uniform.
    • Government employees in public service premises.

Gender-Based Sexual Harassment in the Workplace

  • Includes unwelcome sexual advances, offensive conduct, and hostile environments.
  • Applies to interactions between peers, superiors, subordinates, students, and trainers.
  • Technology-mediated harassment included.

Duties of Employers

  • Post copies of the Act conspicuously.
  • Implement preventive measures like seminars.
  • Create independent committees for investigation adhering to gender-sensitive representation and due process.
  • Develop codes of conduct prohibiting harassment and detailing procedures and penalties.

Duties of Employees and Co-Workers

  • Must refrain and discourage harassment.
  • Provide support to victims and report witnessed offenses.

Liability of Employers

  • Fines for failure to implement duties or respond to complaints.

Routine Inspections

  • DOLE and CSC conduct inspections to enforce compliance.

Gender-Based Sexual Harassment in Educational and Training Institutions

  • Schools must appoint officers to receive complaints and ensure gender-sensitive environments.
  • Grievance procedures must be published and prompt investigation conducted when knowledge of harassment exists.
  • Schools may impose sanctions including diploma revocation and expulsion.
  • Committees on Decorum and Investigation handle cases.

Duties of School Heads

  • Display Act copies publicly.
  • Conduct preventive measures.
  • Create independent committees with gender and diversity representation.
  • Guarantee due process, protect complainants, and guarantee confidentiality.
  • Disseminate codes of conduct.

Liability of School Heads

  • Fines for non-implementation or failure to act on complaints.

Liability of Students

  • Minor offenders subject to administrative sanctions per school policies.

Routine Inspection of Educational Institutions

  • DepEd, CHED, TESDA conduct inspections to ensure compliance.

Confidentiality

  • Rights of victims and minor accused protected throughout proceedings.

Restraining Orders

  • Courts may issue protective orders prior to final decision.

Remedies and Psychological Counseling

  • Victims entitled to legal remedies and counseling services.
  • Costs borne by perpetrators.

Administrative Sanctions

  • Additional sanctions apply to government employee perpetrators.

Imposition of Heavier Penalties

  • LGUs may enact ordinances with stricter penalties.

Exemptions

  • Acts of indigenous culture and public breastfeeding are exempt.

Role of PNP Women and Children’s Desks

  • Police stations' desks handle complaints and coordinate enforcement.

Educational Modules and Awareness Campaigns

  • PCW leads awareness campaigns with LGUs, DICT, and women’s groups.
  • Educational institutions to incorporate modules on safe spaces.

Safety Audits

  • LGUs must conduct participatory audits every three years to evaluate implementation.

Funding and Budgeting

  • Funding to come from General Appropriations Act and gender and development budgets.
  • LGUs may use local development allocations.

Prescriptive Periods

  • Vary from 1 year for minor offenses to imprescriptible for online harassment.

Joint Congressional Oversight Committee

  • Monitors implementation and reviews rules; composed of legislators with gender committee co-chairs.

Implementing Rules and Regulations

  • To be formulated by PCW in coordination with relevant agencies and women’s organizations within 90 days.

Separability Clause

  • Invalidity of any provision does not affect the rest of the Act.

Repealing Clause

  • Repeals inconsistent laws, rules, and orders.

Effectivity

  • Effective 15 days after publication.

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