Title
Rules for Brokers, Dealers and Customer Protection
Law
Sec Financial And Operational Rules
Decision Date
Jul 10, 1996
The SEC Financial and Operational Rules establish stringent registration requirements and operational standards for brokers, dealers, and their personnel in the securities industry, including mandatory financial disclosures, surety bonds, and customer protection measures.
A

Registration of Salesmen

  • Only natural persons employed by brokers or dealers can be registered salesmen.
  • Application via SEC Form 19-S, filed in two copies and verified under oath by employer.
  • A filing fee of P1,000 applies.
  • First-time applicants must be certified by the Philippine Stock Exchange as Certified Securities Representatives.
  • Employment termination requires notification to SEC within 30 days via SEC Form 19-ST with reasons.
  • Salesmen registration ceases upon termination of employment.

Renewal of Registration and Fees

  • Annual renewal by December 1 with fees:
    • Broker: P5,000
    • Dealer: P5,000
    • Branch Office: P2,500
    • Salesman: P500
  • Non-payment or non-filing suspends registration; termination if not rectified within 30 days after due date.

Lending and Voting of Customers' Securities

  • Brokers/dealers extending credit must obtain written consent before lending customer securities or voting them.

Customer Protection: Reserves and Custody of Securities

  • Brokers/dealers must maintain physical possession or control of fully paid and excess margin securities daily.
  • Temporary delays allowed if due to normal operations and good faith effort to acquire possession/control.
  • Written agreements required for securities borrowed from lenders, including compensation terms and collateral requirements.

Definition of Securities Under Control

  • Securities are under control if:
    • Held in custody of registered depositories without payment requirement.
    • Carried in special omnibus accounts instructed to be free from liens.
    • Subject to bona fide transfers with timely confirmation.
    • Held in custodian banks or designated foreign entities.
    • In transit between broker/dealer offices or approved entities within 5 business days.
    • Held by corporate subsidiaries fully controlled by broker/dealer.
    • Other adequate locations as approved by the SEC.

Daily Compliance Requirements

  • Brokers/dealers must daily determine the quantity of securities in possession or control.
  • Immediate steps required to release securities from liens or recover failed-to-receive securities within prescribed periods.
  • Maintain and prepare a detailed description of procedures to comply with possession/control requirements.
  • Submit quarterly records related to possession/control to the Philippine Stock Exchange or SEC.

Special Reserve Bank Account for Customers

  • Brokers/dealers must maintain a separate "Special Reserve Bank Account" for the exclusive benefit of customers.
  • Deposits must meet minimum requirements computed weekly or monthly depending on indebtedness and customer funds.
  • Withdrawals allowed only if post-withdrawal balance meets reserve requirements.
  • Banks holding the reserve funds must acknowledge the special status prohibiting use as loan security or claims.

Securities Delivery and Buy-In Procedures

  • Customers have the absolute right to receive securities upon demand.
  • Brokers/dealers must buy in securities if customers fail to deliver within 10 business days post settlement of sales.
  • Buy-in transactions must be completed within 45 calendar days to address short security differences.

Extensions of Time for Transactions

  • Extensions may be granted by Philippine Stock Exchange committees based on good faith and exceptional circumstances.
  • Records of extensions must be maintained for at least 3 years.

Key Definitions

  • "Customer": persons whose funds or securities are held by brokers/dealers, excluding certain insiders except in omnibus accounts.
  • "Fully paid securities": securities paid in full.
  • "Margin securities": securities purchased on credit extended by brokers/dealers.
  • "Excess margin securities": margin securities with market value exceeding 140% of debit balances.
  • "Qualified securities": Philippine government securities.
  • Other definitions relating to banks, credit balances, affiliated persons, and omnibus accounts.

Purchases and Sales in Cash Accounts

  • Purchase payments due within 3 business days.
  • Failure to pay results in transaction cancellation or liquidation within 10 business days, barring justifiable reasons.
  • Customers with unsettled transactions may be required to pre-deposit funds for 90 days following a default.
  • Exceptions include unissued securities or purchases payable upon delivery.
  • Extensions for payment periods require prior approval.

Prohibition on Guarantees Against Loss

  • Brokers, dealers, or salesmen cannot guarantee customers against losses in securities transactions or accounts.

Annual Audited Financial Reports

  • Brokers/dealers must file annual audited reports within 105 days after fiscal year-end (default Dec 31).
  • Reports include financial statements, net capital computations, possession/control information, and reserve computation.
  • Supporting documents retained for at least 3 years for examination by SEC and Philippine Stock Exchange.

Quarterly Securities Counts

  • Brokers/dealers must quarterly physically examine and verify securities, including those in transit, pledged or on loan.
  • Verification includes securities held without physical possession over 30 days.
  • Unresolved differences must be recorded within 7 business days.
  • Examination supervised by persons independent of securities recordkeeping.
  • Exemptions possible upon written request based on special business nature or safeguards.

Rescinded Rules and Effective Date

  • Various 1938 Rules rescinded to consolidate and update broker/dealer regulations.
  • New rules take effect 15 days after publication in newspapers of general circulation in the Philippines.

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