Title
Creation and Rules of the Sandiganbayan Court
Law
Presidential Decree No. 1606
Decision Date
Dec 10, 1978
Presidential Decree No. 1606 created the Sandiganbayan, a special court with jurisdiction over violations of the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act, crimes committed by public officers, and other offenses related to their office, with the power to promulgate its own rules and have its decisions reviewed by the Supreme Court.

Law Summary

Official Station and Sessions

  • The principal office is located in Metro Manila.
  • Sessions are normally held in Metro Manila but may be authorized elsewhere.
  • The court may use personnel and facilities from government agencies.

Divisions and Quorum

  • The court sits in three divisions of three justices each.
  • A quorum requires three justices.
  • The President may temporarily designate other judges to fill vacancies or absences.

Jurisdiction

  • Original and exclusive jurisdiction over:
    • Violations of Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act (RA 3019) and RA 1379.
    • Crimes by public officers and employees involving Title VII of Revised Penal Code.
    • Other crimes related to office committed by public officials.
  • Jurisdiction is exclusive if penalties exceed prision correccional; otherwise concurrent with regular courts.
  • Private individuals charged with corrupt public officers are tried jointly with them.
  • Criminal and related civil actions for recovery of civil liability must be filed simultaneously and decided together.
  • Civil actions previously filed with regular courts may be transferred for consolidation.
  • Military officers during martial law are exempted from this jurisdiction.

Proceedings and Decision Making

  • Decisions require unanimous vote of three justices in a division.
  • If no unanimous decision, division expands to five justices, decision by majority.

Case Duration

  • Trials shall be continuous and judgments rendered within three months of submission.

Finality and Review of Decisions

  • Decisions must include complete factual findings.
  • Petitions for reconsideration filed within 15 days; must be resolved within 30 days.
  • Decisions reviewable by the Supreme Court under Rule 45.
  • Death penalty cases must be forwarded to the Supreme Court automatically.
  • Execution and enforcement of judgments follow general legal provisions.

Case Transfers

  • Cases within Sandiganbayan's exclusive jurisdiction where no arraignment has occurred shall be transferred to it.

Rulemaking Power

  • The Sandiganbayan may promulgate its procedural rules.
  • Until then, the Rules of Court govern proceedings.

Internal Administration

  • Sandiganbayan manages its internal affairs, including division composition, case allocation, and justice rotation.

Proceedings Free of Charge

  • No cost to complainants or witnesses.
  • Complaints entertained only after certification of prima facie case by Investigating Prosecutor and approval by Chief Special Prosecutor.

Administrative Personnel

  • Sandiganbayan may appoint necessary personnel, including Clerk of Court and Deputy Clerks, both members of the Bar.
  • Clerk salary: P36,000 annually; Deputies: P30,000.
  • Other employees governed by Civil Service Law with removal for cause possible by en banc resolution.

Reporting

  • Annual report to the President includes all financial disbursements.

Funding

  • Initial appropriation of Five Million Pesos from the National Treasury, included thereafter in general appropriations.
  • Funds released automatically as per Sandiganbayan's schedule.

Separability Clause

  • Invalid provisions do not affect the validity of the rest of the Decree.

Repealing Clause

  • Repeals Presidential Decree No. 1486 and all conflicting laws, orders, and regulations.

Effectivity

  • The Decree takes effect immediately upon promulgation.

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