Title
Revised Malaria DiagNo.s and Treatment Guidelines
Law
Doh Administrative Order No. 2009-0001
Decision Date
Jan 13, 2009
The Department of Health revises malaria treatment protocols, shifting the first-line therapy to Artemether-Lumefantrine (AL) combination to enhance efficacy and reduce morbidity and mortality in endemic areas, while promoting universal access and community involvement in healthcare delivery.
A

Declaration of Policy

  • Aims to reduce malaria morbidity by 70% and mortality by 50% in 26 category A provinces by 2015.
  • Seeks to increase malaria-free provinces and prevent recurrence in malaria-free areas.
  • Policy revises first-line treatment from CQ+SP to AL based on local and global efficacy studies.

Guiding Principles

  • Effective Diagnosis and Treatment: Continuous review and evaluation of drug efficacy and approaches.
  • Primary Health Care Approach: Community participation, involvement of barangay health workers, adapting strategies to local conditions.
  • Universal Access: Diagnostic and treatment services must be accessible to vulnerable groups.
  • Integrated Service Delivery: Malaria services integrated with other health programs for efficiency.
  • Health System Support: Adequate training, drug availability, quality assurance, and information campaigns.
  • Multi-Sectoral Collaboration: Engagement of government agencies, LGUs, private sector, NGOs, donors, and others.

Objectives

  • Ensure early and accurate diagnosis and effective treatment nationwide.
  • Guide health workers in implementing updated guidelines.
  • Promote compliance among DOH offices, LGUs, and private sector.
  • Generate stakeholder support across localities.

Scope of Application

  • Applies to all government offices (national to local), public/private health facilities, NGOs, development partners, and all malaria-control stakeholders.

Definitions

  • Combination Therapy: Two schizontocidal drugs with independent action.
  • ACT: Artemisinin derivatives combined with another schizontocidal drug.
  • Confirmed Malaria: Diagnosed via microscopy (gold standard) or Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs).
  • Direct Observed Therapy (DOT): Supervised intake of anti-malarial drugs.
  • Health Workers: Physicians, nurses, midwives, barangay health workers, malaria microscopists.
  • Malaria Treatment Failure: Recurrence of symptoms/parasitemia within 28 days after correct treatment.
  • Severe Malaria: Organ dysfunction due to high parasite load with specific clinical syndromes.
  • Uncomplicated Malaria: Febrile condition with parasites but no severe signs.

General Guidelines

  • Diagnosis primarily by microscopy with quality assurance; RDTs used where microscopy unavailable or in emergencies.
  • Treatment First line: AL combination for confirmed uncomplicated and severe P. falciparum malaria.
  • Second line: Quinine combo (quinine + doxycycline/tetracycline/clindamycin) for AL unavailability or treatment failure.
  • Artesunate suppository for unconscious severe cases pending transfer.
  • ACT can be used for all Plasmodium species.
  • Only WHO pre-qualified or GMP-certified drugs used.
  • DOT mandatory for first three days of AL treatment.
  • Immediate referral and pre-referral anti-malarials for severe cases, pregnant women, and children under 5.
  • Only competent health workers to perform diagnosis and treatment.
  • Adequate drug supply and logistics essential; remaining SP stocks to be used before full shift to AL.
  • Malaria case reporting through PhilMIS or FHSIS, integrated under PIDSR.
  • Regular monitoring for compliance.

Roles and Responsibilities

  • DOH-NCDPC: Lead policy execution, dissemination, training, quality assurance, drug procurement, sentinel site selection, advocacy, monitoring.
  • Procurement Division: Timely procurement, storage, distribution.
  • National Epidemiology Center: Data provision and integration of surveillance systems.
  • PhilHealth: Review benefits for malaria diagnosis and treatment.
  • Centers for Health Development (CHD): Train staff, assure quality, manage drug distribution, report surveillance, resource mobilization, advocacy.
  • Local Government Units (LGUs): Train workers, advocate adoption, fund training and supplies, manage stocks, assure quality and reporting, investigate adverse reactions, monitor implementation.
  • Rural Health Units: Implement guidelines, confirm diagnosis, provide follow-up smears, conduct training and IEC campaigns, manage drug stocks.
  • Barangay Health Workers and Volunteers: Case finding, supervise treatment intake, mobilize communities, report adverse reactions, conduct follow-up.
  • Hospitals: Provide services and anti-malarials per protocols.
  • NGOs and PhilMAM: Support service delivery, training, community engagement, social marketing, resource mobilization.

Repealing Clause

  • AO 19, s. 1996, AO 129, s. 2002, and other inconsistent issuances are rescinded.

Effectivity

  • The order takes effect immediately upon signing on January 13, 2009.

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