Law Summary
Unauthorized Disclosure of National Defense Information
- Penalizes communication or transmission of national defense information to foreign governments or entities intending to harm the Philippines or U.S.
- Applies both in peacetime and wartime, with harsher penalties during war, including potential death penalty.
- Covers information about armed forces, military operations, and defense works useful to enemies.
Unlawful Acts Against Military Loyalty in Peace Time
- Makes it unlawful to incite insubordination, mutiny, or disloyalty among military personnel.
- Prohibits distribution of materials encouraging such disloyalty or refusal of duty.
- Penalties include imprisonment up to 10 years, fines up to ten thousand pesos, or both.
Disloyal Acts During Wartime
- Criminalizes willful false reporting or statements intending to harm military operations or promote enemy success during war.
- Prohibits causing insubordination or obstructing military recruitment/enlistment.
- Punishable by imprisonment up to 20 years, fines up to twenty thousand pesos, or both.
Conspiracy to Commit Espionage and Related Offenses
- Establishes liability for all conspirators involved in violations of espionage, disclosure, or disloyalty sections.
- Punishments mirror those prescribed for the substantive offenses.
Harboring or Concealing Offenders
- Criminalizes harboring or concealing persons known or suspected to have committed offenses under this Act.
- Punishable by imprisonment up to 10 years and fines up to ten thousand pesos.
Presidential Power to Declare Prohibited Places
- Allows the President during war or national emergency to designate additional prohibited places related to defense.
- Such designation protects areas involved in preparing or storing military materials when disclosure threatens national defense.
Regulation of Visual Reproduction of Defense Installations
- Requires permission and submission for censorship before photographing or sketching vital military installations.
- Violations penalized by imprisonment up to one year, fines up to two thousand pesos, or both.
Use of Aircraft in Unauthorized Reconnaissance
- Applies the same penalties for using aircraft to photograph or sketch protected installations without proper authorization.
Unauthorized Reproduction and Distribution of Defense Images
- Prohibits reproduction, publication, or sale of uncensored visual materials of vital military installations.
- Requires proof of prior military censorship or permission.
- Violators subject to penalties as per Section 8.
Destruction or Damage to War Materials During War
- Criminalizes willful injury, destruction, or attempts thereof to war materials, premises, or utilities during wartime.
- Penalties include imprisonment up to 30 years and fines up to thirty thousand pesos.
Production of Defective War Materials
- Prohibits intentional manufacturing of defective war materials or tools used to produce them during wartime.
- Same penalties as destruction offenses apply.
Damaging National Defense Assets
- Penalizes willful injury or destruction of national defense materials, premises, or utilities at any time.
- Imposes imprisonment up to 10 years or fines up to ten thousand pesos, or both.
Defective Manufacture of National Defense Materials
- Criminalizes the making of defective national defense materials or production tools with intent to harm national defense.
- Punishments include imprisonment up to 10 years, fines up to ten thousand pesos, or both.
Definitions of Key Terms
- Defines "aircraft," "post/camp/station," and "war or national defense material/premises/utilities" elaborately.
- Clarifies scope to include naval vessels, military aircraft, buildings, communication equipment, and related utilities.
- Defines "associate nation" as any nation at war with a nation hostile to the Philippines or the United States.
- Expands "foreign government" to include recognized and unrecognized entities, factions, or insurgents in countries at peace.
Effectivity
- The Act takes effect immediately upon approval.