Title
Freeze on Government Hiring and Salary Increases
Law
Executive Order No. 221
Decision Date
Sep 9, 1939
Manuel L. Quezon's Executive Order No. 221 mandates that all vacant government positions remain unfilled and prohibits salary increases without presidential approval to ensure financial stability amid potential wartime economic challenges.

Legal basis and war-finance rationale

  • The President issued Executive Order No. 221 by virtue of powers vested under the Constitution and existing laws.
  • The Order is grounded on the Secretary of Finance’s report that the outbreak of war in Europe may reduce government income due to decreased customs collections from reduced imports.
  • The Order states it is advisable to take precautionary measures to keep the budget in balance and maintain stability of government finances.
  • The measures are implemented through restrictions on staffing and compensation changes in government.

Core hiring freeze: vacant positions

  • Executive Order No. 221 provides that no vacant positions shall be filled without prior approval of the President.
  • The approval requirement applies to the act of filling any vacant position within the government service.
  • Any proposed filling of a vacancy requires President-level approval before the position may be filled.

Salary freeze: increases in same position

  • Executive Order No. 221 prohibits authorizing increases in salary in the same position.
  • The salary-increase prohibition continues until further order.
  • No authorization may issue for salary increases in the same position during the freeze period.

Exception for pending meritorious appointments/promotions

  • Executive Order No. 221 recognizes meritorious cases of appointments and promotions submitted by the respective chiefs of bureaus or offices.
  • The exception covers submissions made prior to September fourth, nineteen hundred and thirty-nine.
  • Such meritorious cases will be given due consideration by the government.
  • The exception relates specifically to appointments and promotions already submitted before September 04, 1939.

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