Title
Prohibition of Nepotism in Government Appointments
Law
Executive Order No. 111
Decision Date
Oct 1, 1964
Executive Order No. 111 prohibits and restricts nepotism in the Philippine government, promoting fairness and professionalism by ensuring appointments are based on merit rather than familial relationships.

Scope of prohibited government appointments

  • Section 1 prohibits appointments in the National, provincial and municipal governments or in any branch and instrumentality thereof.
  • Section 1 covers appointments made in favor of a relative of the appointing authority or of the persons exercising immediate supervision over the appointing authority.
  • Section 1 applies to appointments in both the classified and unclassified service.
  • Section 1 covers appointments regardless of the government level, office, or bureau within the covered governmental entities.

Family-membership limit in an office

  • Section 2 applies when there are already two or more members of one family in an office or Bureau.
  • Section 2 bars eligibility for appointment of any other member of the same family to any position in that same office or Bureau.
  • The family-membership restriction applies to appointments to any position within the office or Bureau where two or more family members are already employed.

Definitions: relative and family members

  • Executive Order No. 111 defines “relative” and “members of the family” as those related within the third degree either of consanguinity or affinity.
  • The degree basis for determining nepotism coverage is limited to the third degree, whether by blood (consanguinity) or by marriage (affinity).

Exemptions from the nepotism restrictions

  • Executive Order No. 111 exempts persons employed in a confidential capacity from the nepotism rules.
  • Executive Order No. 111 exempts teachers from the nepotism rules.
  • Executive Order No. 111 exempts physicians from the nepotism rules.
  • Executive Order No. 111 exempts members of the Army from the nepotism rules.

Mandatory reporting for exempt appointments

  • Despite the exemptions, Executive Order No. 111 requires that in each particular instance a full report of the exempt appointment shall be made to the President.
  • The reporting requirement applies to every appointment that falls under the enumerated exemptions.

Correction of past appointments and promotion limits

  • Executive Order No. 111 requires that cases of previous appointments made in contravention of the Order be corrected by transfer.
  • While transfer is pending, Executive Order No. 111 prohibits promotion in favor of:
    • the relative occupying a subordinate position, and
    • anyone of the members of the same family in a Bureau or office.

Exceptions requiring Civil Service approval

  • Executive Order No. 111 allows an appointment or promotion with the approval of the Commissioner of Civil Service in exceptional cases.
  • The exception applies when strict application of the Order would:
    • impair the efficiency of the service, or
    • produce a patent injustice.
  • The Commissioner of Civil Service approval is the required condition for appointments or promotions made under these exceptional circumstances.

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