Title
Regulating Optometry Practice in the Philippines
Law
Republic Act No. 1998
Decision Date
Jun 22, 1957
"Regulation of Optometry Practice" is a Philippine Jurisprudence case that highlights the establishment of a Board of Examiners in Optometry, the requirements for examination and registration as an optometrist, and the penalties for violations, aiming to regulate and ensure the quality of optometry practice in the Philippines.
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Prohibition of Unauthorized Practice

  • No person may practice optometry without a valid certificate of registration issued by the Board of Examiners in Optometry.
  • Existing registered optometrists under previous laws may apply for registration within one year and are exempt from certain provisions.
  • Exceptions: Optometrists serving the US Armed Forces in the Philippines and duly licensed physicians are exempt from registration requirements.

Establishment of the Board of Examiners in Optometry

  • A Board of three members is created, appointed by the President upon recommendations, comprising optometrists of good standing with at least ten years of practice.
  • Members must take an oath before assuming duties.

Functions and Duties of the Board

  • Administer the Act’s provisions and oaths.
  • Issue, suspend, or revoke registration certificates.
  • Monitor and maintain ethical standards in optometry practice.
  • Investigate violations and issue subpoenas for witnesses and documents.

Qualifications of Board Members

  • Must be Filipino citizens and residents, at least 30 years old, with good moral character.
  • Must be graduates recognized by government and have at least 10 years in optometry practice.
  • Must be duly registered as optometrists (except first appointees).
  • Must not have conflicts of interest related to optometry educational institutions.

Term and Removal of Board Members

  • Term duration: 3 years with staggered initial terms for the first appointees.
  • Removal by the President for neglect, incompetency, malpractice, unethical conduct after proper administrative investigation.
  • Suspension during investigation possible with temporary replacement.

Executive Support and Record-Keeping

  • The Commissioner of Civil Service acts as executive officer overseeing examinations.
  • Board secretary manages records; Civil Service Bureau keeps official documents.

Compensation and Regulation Rules

  • Board members compensated per examinee.
  • The Board sets ethical and professional standards and prescribes relevant collegiate courses subject to Presidential and Civil Service approval.

Examination and Application Process

  • Examinations held annually in July under Civil Service rules.
  • Applicants must have good moral character, completed high school equivalent, and possess an optometry diploma covering specific academic subjects.

Scope and Results of Examination

  • Exams cover all optometry subjects as prescribed.
  • Results reported within 120 days to the President for approval.

Oath and Reexamination

  • Successful examinees must take a professional oath before practicing.
  • Candidates failing thrice must take a review course before re-examination.

Registration and Fees

  • Certificates issued only to those 21 years or older upon payment of fees.
  • Examination fee: 40 pesos; registration: 30 pesos; duplicate: 5 pesos.
  • Half examination fee refunded if application disapproved.

Grounds for Refusal of Registration

  • Conviction involving moral turpitude, immoral or dishonorable conduct, unsound mind, or incurable infectious disease.
  • Written reasons must be recorded and provided to the applicant.

Suspension and Revocation of Certificates

  • For causes such as unprofessional conduct, fraud, incompetency, malpractice, intoxication, employment of unauthorized persons, and false advertising.
  • Proper notice and hearing required before action.

Appeal Process

  • Decisions of suspension or revocation are appealable to the President, whose decision is final.

Reinstatement and Replacement of Certificates

  • Suspension may be lifted and revocation certificates replaced at the Board’s discretion.
  • Re-examination may be waived upon reinstatement.

Foreign Reciprocity Requirement

  • Foreign applicants can only take the exam if their country allows Filipino optometrists reciprocal practice rights.

Annual Reporting and Public Roster

  • Board submits yearly report to the President detailing proceedings and recommendations.
  • Annual roster of registered optometrists is prepared and publicly accessible.

Prohibition on Collection of Fees

  • Only registered optometrists may charge fees for optometric services.

Penal Provisions and Sanctions

  • Violations include practicing without registration, false representation, prescribing lenses without approval, forgery, impersonation, and unauthorized use of optometrist title.
  • Penalties include fines (500-2,000 pesos), imprisonment (1 month to 2 years), or both.

Separability Clause

  • Invalidity of any law provision does not affect the rest of the Act.

Repealing Clause

  • Repeals previous inconsistent laws and regulations.

Effectivity

  • Act takes effect upon approval, except certain key sections which commence one year later.

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