Title
Establish National Language Institute
Law
Commonwealth Act No. 184
Decision Date
Nov 13, 1936
Commonwealth Act No. 184 establishes the National Language Institute in the Philippines to study and select a native tongue as the basis for a national language, with the authority to proclaim, standardize, and correct educational materials, ensuring consistency and uniformity in the use of the language.

Appointment and Compensation of Members

  • Members are appointed by the President of the Philippines.
  • Appointment requires consent from the Commission on Appointments of the National Assembly.
  • Members receive a per diem of ten pesos for each session attended.

Support and Logistics

  • The Department of Public Instruction provides an office and necessary clerical personnel for the Institute.

Organizational Procedures and Reporting

  • The Institute adopts its own rules of procedure.
  • It must hold sessions at least once a week.
  • A monthly report of activities is submitted to the President through the Secretary of Public Instruction.

Duties and Objectives: Language Study and Selection

  • Study Philippine dialects to evolve a common national language based on an existing native tongue.
  • Survey chief tongues spoken by at least half a million people.
  • Identify words/phrases with common sound and meaning, same sound but different meanings, and similar sound with same or different meanings across tongues.
  • Study Philippine phonetics, orthography, and affixes (prefixes, infixes, suffixes).
  • Choose the native tongue for the national language, preferring one that is most developed in structure, mechanism, and literature and is widely accepted.

Deliverables Within One Year

  • Prepare lists of words and phrases as per study requirements.
  • Produce studies on Philippine phonetics, orthography, and affixes.

Proclamation and Adoption of the National Language

  • Upon publishing studies, the Institute must declare the native tongue chosen.
  • It recommends adoption of this national language to the President.
  • The President will proclaim the national language by executive order, effective two years thereafter.

Dictionary and Grammar Preparation

  • After proclamation, the Institute prepares the dictionary and grammar for the national language.
  • Vocabulary purification involves eliminating unnecessary foreign terms.
  • Vocabulary enrichment sources primarily Philippine tongues, then Spanish and English as needed.
  • New scientific, literary, and technical terms derived from classical languages like Greek and Latin, adapted to Philippine phonetics and orthography.
  • Spelling of foreign-origin family names used by Filipinos is preserved.

Publication and Implementation in Education

  • Dictionary and grammar to be published within two years after proclamation.
  • President orders the Department of Public Instruction to implement teaching of the national language in all public and private schools, following Institute standards.

Authority Over Linguistic Standards

  • The Institute's linguistic decisions, once approved by the Secretary of Public Instruction, become the literary standard for official publications and school texts.
  • The Institute, with Secretary's approval, can amend linguistic form of any Philippine national language textbooks for official use.

Tenure and Duration

  • The Institute exists indefinitely unless otherwise legislated.
  • Members hold office during good behavior.

Appropriations and Funding

  • An initial appropriation of fifty thousand pesos from the Philippine Treasury to fund operations until December 31, 1937.
  • Additional disbursements for publications authorized by the President upon recommendation by the Institute and Secretary of Public Instruction.

Effectivity

  • The Act takes effect upon approval.

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