Military Service and Resource Employment
- Military service is obligatory for all Filipino citizens.
- Registration for military service is a civil function, supervised by the Provost Marshal General.
- The government may requisition necessary resources, both public and private, during mobilization.
Council of National Defense
- Composed of the President, Vice President, executive department heads, Chief of Staff, six presidential appointees, and a permanent secretary.
- Advises the President on national defense policy.
- The President chairs the Council.
- Operational methods and duties fixed by executive orders.
Territorial and Mobilization Organization
- The Philippines is divided into military districts and provinces for recruitment and mobilization.
- District and Provincial Commanders are regular army officers responsible for training, recruitment, and defense plans.
- Mobilization centers are established based on military population to store arms and supplies and facilitate mobilization.
National and Partial Mobilization
- National Mobilization is decreed by the President with National Assembly approval.
- Partial Mobilization can be decreed by the President when safety is endangered, subject to National Assembly review.
Technical Advisers
- The President may appoint technical advisers from the US Army for a term not exceeding his tenure.
Composition and Organization of the Army
- The Army comprises the Regular Force and Reserve Force.
- The Philippine Constabulary functions are transferred to the Chief of Staff within one year.
- The Army is organized into battalions, regiments, divisions, and higher units.
Regular Force Structure
- Includes various corps such as Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery, Air Corps, Engineers, Signal Corps, and Services.
- Officers and enlisted men are classified as Staff or Line personnel.
- Personnel recruitment considers geographic representation.
- Officers' appointments and promotions are presidential prerogatives, with specified age and qualification requirements.
- Regular Force management includes promotion rules, training, transfers, and foreign details.
General Staff and Provost Marshal
- The Chief of Staff presides over the Central General Staff and reports annually.
- The Central General Staff plans national defense and mobilization.
- The Provost Marshal General supervises police functions, the Constabulary, and registration for military obligations.
Military Services
- Includes Adjutant General, Judge Advocate, Quartermaster, Medical, Ordnance, and Chaplain Services.
- Each service is headed by a chief responsible for administration under the Chief of Staff.
Offshore Patrol
- Consists of Philippine Government marine equipment and personnel under Chief of Staff control.
Enlistment and Reenlistment
- Male citizens aged 18-30 may enlist for three years under specific conditions.
- Reenlistment and retirement regulations apply.
- Honorable discharge exempts from further service except in emergencies.
Philippine Military Academy
- A military training school for commissioning officers.
- Cadets selected by Presidential appointment with geographical quotas.
- Graduates commissioned as third lieutenants with rank based on standing.
- Medical discharge grants retired rank.
Reserve Force Organization
- Comprises Infantry Divisions, separate units, and Offshore Patrol Reserve elements.
- The Chief of Staff may assign Regular Force personnel to Reserve units.
Reserve Officers and Training
- Training includes theoretical and probationary service before commissioning as Reserve officers.
- ROTC units established in colleges and universities with compulsory military instruction.
- Appointment and promotion rules for Reserve officers are prescribed.
Active Duty Training and Mobilization Centers
- Active duty training periods vary by Reserve class; no enlisted reservist serves more than 30 days without consent.
- Failure to report for training is punishable.
- Government employees retain pay and position during military obligations.
- Mobilization centers store and manage military material and records.
Military Service Obligations and Classification
- All Filipinos liable for service beginning with preparatory training from age 10.
- Classification into trainees, reserves by age groups.
- Mandatory registration and trainee instruction procedures.
- Exemptions and penalties for non-compliance specified.
Examination, Classification, and Deferments
- Acceptance Boards examine and classify trainees.
- Deferments granted for public officials, key industry men, family dependents, with appeals process.
- Boards bear administrative costs.
- Military commanders supervise recruitment and enforce regulations.
Transfer and Incorporation into Service
- Trainees assigned to organizations after physical examination and sworn in.
- Completion of trainee instruction leads to transfer to Reserve Force.
- Sequential transfer from First to Third Reserve by age.
Preparatory Military Training
- Aimed at developing national spirit and preparing youth for service.
- Supervised by Provincial Commanders.
- Instructors drawn from teachers in the Reserve Force and Regular Force.
- Compulsory for youths attending school; exemptions apply.
- Non-compliance fines imposed on parents or employers.
Grades, Pay, and Allowances
- Detailed monthly pay scales for enlisted men, officers, cadets.
- Reenlistment bonuses and pay restrictions defined.
- Reserve personnel pay rules during active and inactive duty.
- Allowances for trainees and ROTC members detailed.
Appropriation and Use of National Defense Funds
- Funds appropriated for personnel, maintenance, transportation, armament, construction, and miscellaneous expenses.
- Specific budgets for each category with transfer limitations.
- Total appropriations amounting to approximately P15.9 million including funds for Constabulary.
- President authorized to manage fund transfers within specified limits.
Final Provisions
- Repeals inconsistent laws.
- Guarantees no reduction in total pay for Constabulary personnel compared to prior government.
- Specifies effective dates for appropriations and the Act itself.
This detailed analysis covers the scope, organization, obligations, classification, training, mobilization, funding, and management provisions of the law establishing the national defense framework of the Philippines as legislated in Commonwealth Act No. 1.