Title
Marketing Code for Breastmilk Substitutes
Law
Executive Order No. 51
Decision Date
Oct 20, 1986
Corazon C. Aquino's Executive Order No. 51 establishes a National Code to regulate the marketing of breastmilk substitutes and supplements, promoting breastfeeding while penalizing violations to ensure safe nutrition for infants.
A

Scope of the Code

  • Applies to marketing and practices related to breastmilk substitutes including infant formula.
  • Covers other milk products, foods, beverages, including bottle-fed complementary foods when marketed as partial or total replacements of breastmilk.
  • Applies to feeding bottles and teats.
  • Includes quality, availability, and information regarding their use.

Definitions

  • "Breastmilk Substitute": any food marketed or represented as partial or total replacement for breastmilk.
  • "Complementary Food": food complementing breastmilk or formula when insufficient.
  • "Distributor": entities marketing products under this Code.
  • "Infant": children aged 0-12 months.
  • "Health Care System": institutions and workers caring for mothers, infants, pregnant women, excluding pharmacies.
  • Other key terms include Manufacturer, Marketing, Samples, and Supplies.

Information and Education

  • Government responsible for providing objective and consistent infant feeding information.
  • Educational materials must detail benefits of breastfeeding, nutrition, preparation, impact of partial bottle-feeding, and proper formula use.
  • Materials must include social and financial implications and avoid idealizing substitutes.

Regulation of Advertising and Promotion to the Public and Mothers

  • Prohibits unauthorized advertising, promotional activities, distribution of samples or gifts relating to products under the Code.
  • No point-of-sale advertising or promotions directly targeting consumers.
  • Marketing personnel's direct promotion to pregnant women and mothers restricted.
  • Donations only allowed upon Ministry of Health approval.

Health Care System Provisions

  • Ministry of Health to promote breastfeeding and provide training to health workers.
  • Health care facilities cannot be used for promotion or display of covered products.
  • Prohibits manufacturer-paid representatives within health facilities.
  • Health education must emphasize hazards of improper use and restrict formula demonstrations to necessary cases.

Health Workers' Responsibilities and Restrictions

  • Health workers must promote breastfeeding and understand their obligations.
  • Manufacturers may only provide scientific, factual information without implying equivalency or superiority to breastfeeding.
  • Prohibition on financial/material inducements to health workers.
  • Samples only allowed for research/evaluation under Ministry of Health rules.
  • Manufacturers may support research and education under regulation.

Restrictions on Marketing Personnel

  • Marketing personnel shall not engage in educational activities directed at pregnant women or mothers.

Labeling and Container Requirements

  • Labels must provide necessary usage information without discouraging breastfeeding.
  • Mandatory clear notices about breastfeeding benefits, use only on health worker advice, preparation instructions, and health warnings.
  • No idealizing pictures or terms like "humanized" allowed.
  • Labels must comply with Bureau of Food and Drugs regulations.

Product Quality Standards

  • Products must meet high recognized standards aligned with Codex Alimentarius.
  • Distribution outlets prohibited from repackaging products to prevent contamination or adulteration.

Implementation and Monitoring

  • An inter-agency committee with specific government ministers is established to approve and regulate marketing materials.
  • Ministry of Health is primarily responsible for enforcement, policy issuance, coordination, and prosecution.

Sanctions

  • Violations punishable by imprisonment (2 months to 1 year), fines (P1,000 to P30,000), or both.
  • Juridical persons' responsible officers can be penalized.
  • Repeated offense may lead to suspension or revocation of professional/business licenses.

Repealing and Separability Clauses

  • Inconsistent laws and regulations repealed or modified.
  • Provisions are separable; invalidity of one does not affect others.

Effectivity

  • Law takes effect 30 days after publication in the Official Gazette.

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