Title
Supreme Court
National Building Code of the Philippines
Law
Presidential Decree No. 1096
Decision Date
Feb 19, 1977
The National Building Code of the Philippines governs the construction, design, and maintenance of buildings, including regulations on walls, windows, yards, and pedestrian protection, to ensure safety and structural integrity.

Law Summary

Scope and Application

  • Applies to design, construction, alteration, repair, use, occupancy, and demolition of public and private buildings except traditional indigenous family dwellings.
  • Pre-existing buildings are subject to the Code only upon alteration or repair.

General Building and Site Requirements

  • Buildings and accessory facilities must conform to safety and be suited for intended use.
  • Environmental safeguards required for manufacturing buildings.
  • Sites must be sanitary and safely located away from hazards.

Administration and Enforcement

  • The Secretary of Public Works, Transportation and Communications administers and enforces the Code.
  • The Secretary may establish a professional technical staff.
  • Powers include formulating policies, issuing implementing rules, approving changes, fixing fees, and imposing administrative fines.
  • Building Officials, qualified architects or engineers, enforce the Code locally, issue permits, and conduct inspections.
  • Fees collected are accounted for and allocated partially for operating expenses.

Permits and Inspection Requirements

  • Building permits required before erection, alteration, repair, demolition.
  • Application must include description of work, certification of lot ownership or lease, use, cost estimate, and technical plans sealed by licensed professionals.
  • Building Official reviews compliance with standards and issues permits within 15 days if requirements met.
  • Permits expire if work does not commence within one year or suspended for 120 days.
  • Non-issuance or revocation can occur for errors, incorrect info, or non-compliance.
  • Appeals to the Secretary with final decision.
  • Construction must be supervised full-time by licensed architect or engineer.
  • Certificate of Occupancy required before use or occupancy.

Types of Construction

  • Classifies buildings into five types (I to V) based on materials and fire resistance.
  • Changes in type require compliance with new standards unless approved.
  • Secretary prescribes detailed standards for each type.

Fire Zones and Fire-Resistive Requirements

  • Defines fire zones limiting building types based on fire resistance.
  • Buildings spanning zones subject to more restrictive zone rules.
  • Temporary buildings allowed with permits.
  • Existing non-compliant buildings restricted in alterations, additions.
  • Secretary designates fire zones and prescriptions for fire resistance time periods and testing.

Occupancy Classification and Requirements

  • Ten major groups (A to J) categorizing residential, institutional, business, industrial, storage, assembly, and accessory uses.
  • Changes in use requiring compliance with new occupancy rules.
  • Mixed occupancy buildings subject to most restrictive requirements except minor accesssory uses.
  • Occupancy separations classified by fire-resistive ratings.

Location, Floor Area and Height Regulations

  • Buildings must have access to public way.
  • Exterior walls and openings must meet fire resistance distances.
  • Limits on floor area based on occupancy and construction type.
  • Height limits depend on occupancy, type, population density and infrastructure.

Minimum Requirements for Dwellings

  • Limits on lot occupancy; minimum light, ventilation, sanitation.
  • Structural requirements for foundation, posts, floors, roofs, stairs, entrances, electrical and mechanical systems.

Light and Ventilation Standards

  • Adequate natural light and ventilation required.
  • Limits on court and yard sizes.
  • Minimum ceiling heights specified.
  • Window area requirements.
  • Vent shafts and artificial ventilation facilities governed by use.

Sanitation

  • Buildings for human habitation shall have potable water, plumbing, wastewater treatment, storm drainage, pest control and noise abatement.
  • Water supply typically municipal or governed by Water Code.
  • Waste discharge to sewer or septic system.

Projection and Encroachment Rules

  • Prohibits building projections beyond property lines except as allowed.
  • Limits projections of balconies, awnings, canopies, and arcades over streets.
  • Specifies clearance from sidewalks and streets.

Pedestrian Protection During Construction

  • Prohibits obstructing public ways without proper protection.
  • Requires protective walkways, fencing, lighting, and maintenance during construction or demolition.

Design and Structural Requirements

  • Conformance with National Structural Code.
  • Standards for excavation, foundations, retaining walls, veneer, enclosures, floors, roofs, stairs, ramps, exits.
  • Specifies fire-resistive construction for vertical openings, stairs, corridors.
  • Stair requirements include width, rise/run, handrails, headroom, number and arrangement of exits.

Chimney, Fireplace and Barbecue Requirements

  • Detailed construction, materials, linings, clearances, cleanouts, and termination rules for chimneys.
  • Fireplaces and barbecue structures must meet masonry thickness and clearances.

Fire-Extinguishing Systems

  • Required automatic fire-extinguishing systems in specified occupancies and areas.
  • Dry and wet standpipes specifications including construction, sizing, number, location, and connections.
  • Fire pumps and hose systems prescribed.

Stages, Platforms, and Projection Rooms

  • Ventilation, construction, separation, exits and safety requirements for stages and platforms.
  • Motion picture projection rooms must have fire-resistant construction, ventilation, fire control shutters, and safety measures.

Plastics and Prefabricated Construction

  • Approved plastics must meet flame-spread and smoke density standards.
  • Regulations on installation, glazing, use in skylights, panels, diffusers, partitions, veneers, awnings, and canopies.
  • Prefabricated assemblies subject to special tests and inspections.

Sheet Metal Paint Spray Booths

  • Construction and fire protection requirements for spray booths including ventilation and lighting.

Glass and Glazing

  • Standards for exterior and interior glazing including safety, impact resistance, size, and installation.

Computer Usage

  • Allows building design computations using documented computer programs.
  • Requires submission and certification of output and program documentation.

Signs

  • Prohibits signs that obscure official traffic signs or create hazards.
  • Requires maintenance, proper design, supports and compliance with electrical codes.
  • Restricts projection over alleys and clearances from fire escapes.

Existing Buildings and Transitory Provisions

  • Recognizes legality of buildings constructed under previous codes.
  • Interim rules remain effective unless conflicting.
  • Separability and repealing clause provided.
  • Effective upon promulgation.

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