Law Summary
Scope and Application
- Applies to design, construction, alteration, repair, use, occupancy, and demolition of public and private buildings except traditional indigenous family dwellings.
- Pre-existing buildings are subject to the Code only upon alteration or repair.
General Building and Site Requirements
- Buildings and accessory facilities must conform to safety and be suited for intended use.
- Environmental safeguards required for manufacturing buildings.
- Sites must be sanitary and safely located away from hazards.
Administration and Enforcement
- The Secretary of Public Works, Transportation and Communications administers and enforces the Code.
- The Secretary may establish a professional technical staff.
- Powers include formulating policies, issuing implementing rules, approving changes, fixing fees, and imposing administrative fines.
- Building Officials, qualified architects or engineers, enforce the Code locally, issue permits, and conduct inspections.
- Fees collected are accounted for and allocated partially for operating expenses.
Permits and Inspection Requirements
- Building permits required before erection, alteration, repair, demolition.
- Application must include description of work, certification of lot ownership or lease, use, cost estimate, and technical plans sealed by licensed professionals.
- Building Official reviews compliance with standards and issues permits within 15 days if requirements met.
- Permits expire if work does not commence within one year or suspended for 120 days.
- Non-issuance or revocation can occur for errors, incorrect info, or non-compliance.
- Appeals to the Secretary with final decision.
- Construction must be supervised full-time by licensed architect or engineer.
- Certificate of Occupancy required before use or occupancy.
Types of Construction
- Classifies buildings into five types (I to V) based on materials and fire resistance.
- Changes in type require compliance with new standards unless approved.
- Secretary prescribes detailed standards for each type.
Fire Zones and Fire-Resistive Requirements
- Defines fire zones limiting building types based on fire resistance.
- Buildings spanning zones subject to more restrictive zone rules.
- Temporary buildings allowed with permits.
- Existing non-compliant buildings restricted in alterations, additions.
- Secretary designates fire zones and prescriptions for fire resistance time periods and testing.
Occupancy Classification and Requirements
- Ten major groups (A to J) categorizing residential, institutional, business, industrial, storage, assembly, and accessory uses.
- Changes in use requiring compliance with new occupancy rules.
- Mixed occupancy buildings subject to most restrictive requirements except minor accesssory uses.
- Occupancy separations classified by fire-resistive ratings.
Location, Floor Area and Height Regulations
- Buildings must have access to public way.
- Exterior walls and openings must meet fire resistance distances.
- Limits on floor area based on occupancy and construction type.
- Height limits depend on occupancy, type, population density and infrastructure.
Minimum Requirements for Dwellings
- Limits on lot occupancy; minimum light, ventilation, sanitation.
- Structural requirements for foundation, posts, floors, roofs, stairs, entrances, electrical and mechanical systems.
Light and Ventilation Standards
- Adequate natural light and ventilation required.
- Limits on court and yard sizes.
- Minimum ceiling heights specified.
- Window area requirements.
- Vent shafts and artificial ventilation facilities governed by use.
Sanitation
- Buildings for human habitation shall have potable water, plumbing, wastewater treatment, storm drainage, pest control and noise abatement.
- Water supply typically municipal or governed by Water Code.
- Waste discharge to sewer or septic system.
Projection and Encroachment Rules
- Prohibits building projections beyond property lines except as allowed.
- Limits projections of balconies, awnings, canopies, and arcades over streets.
- Specifies clearance from sidewalks and streets.
Pedestrian Protection During Construction
- Prohibits obstructing public ways without proper protection.
- Requires protective walkways, fencing, lighting, and maintenance during construction or demolition.
Design and Structural Requirements
- Conformance with National Structural Code.
- Standards for excavation, foundations, retaining walls, veneer, enclosures, floors, roofs, stairs, ramps, exits.
- Specifies fire-resistive construction for vertical openings, stairs, corridors.
- Stair requirements include width, rise/run, handrails, headroom, number and arrangement of exits.
Chimney, Fireplace and Barbecue Requirements
- Detailed construction, materials, linings, clearances, cleanouts, and termination rules for chimneys.
- Fireplaces and barbecue structures must meet masonry thickness and clearances.
Fire-Extinguishing Systems
- Required automatic fire-extinguishing systems in specified occupancies and areas.
- Dry and wet standpipes specifications including construction, sizing, number, location, and connections.
- Fire pumps and hose systems prescribed.
Stages, Platforms, and Projection Rooms
- Ventilation, construction, separation, exits and safety requirements for stages and platforms.
- Motion picture projection rooms must have fire-resistant construction, ventilation, fire control shutters, and safety measures.
Plastics and Prefabricated Construction
- Approved plastics must meet flame-spread and smoke density standards.
- Regulations on installation, glazing, use in skylights, panels, diffusers, partitions, veneers, awnings, and canopies.
- Prefabricated assemblies subject to special tests and inspections.
Sheet Metal Paint Spray Booths
- Construction and fire protection requirements for spray booths including ventilation and lighting.
Glass and Glazing
- Standards for exterior and interior glazing including safety, impact resistance, size, and installation.
Computer Usage
- Allows building design computations using documented computer programs.
- Requires submission and certification of output and program documentation.
Signs
- Prohibits signs that obscure official traffic signs or create hazards.
- Requires maintenance, proper design, supports and compliance with electrical codes.
- Restricts projection over alleys and clearances from fire escapes.
Existing Buildings and Transitory Provisions
- Recognizes legality of buildings constructed under previous codes.
- Interim rules remain effective unless conflicting.
- Separability and repealing clause provided.
- Effective upon promulgation.