Title
Regulates ownership and control of alien schools
Law
Presidential Decree No. 176
Decision Date
Apr 16, 1973
Presidential Decree No. 176 mandates that educational institutions in the Philippines must be owned and controlled by Filipino citizens, with restrictions on enrollment of alien students, and sets deadlines for compliance.

Control and Administration of Educational Institutions

  • Control and administration of all educational institutions must be vested in Filipino citizens.
  • Governing body membership is limited to Filipino citizens.
  • Administrative positions with discretion in management must be held by Filipino citizens.
  • The Secretary of Education may set reasonable deadlines for compliance, with full compliance not later than the 1976-1977 school year.

Restrictions on Schools Established Exclusively for Aliens

  • No educational institution shall be established exclusively for aliens nor offer any curriculum exclusively for aliens.
  • Existing institutions exclusively for aliens may operate only until the end of the 1972-1973 school year, after which their permits or recognition shall be cancelled.
  • Institutions offering exclusive curricula for aliens must discontinue such offerings by the 1972-1973 school year or face cancellation of permits/recognition.

Enrollment of Alien Students

  • Enrollment of alien students in any school shall not exceed one-third of the total student population.
  • Full compliance required no later than the beginning of the 1976-1977 school year.

Exceptions

  • The provisions do not apply to schools established for foreign diplomatic personnel and their dependents.
  • Other foreign temporary residents are exempt unless otherwise provided by law.

Rulemaking and Implementation

  • The Secretary of Education is authorized to adopt necessary rules and regulations consistent with the decree to effect its provisions.
  • Implementing rules and regulations were issued by the Department of Education and Culture (May 9, 1973) and the Bureau of Private Schools (May 22, 1973).

Legal Mandate and Enforcement

  • The decree implements constitutional policy redirecting ownership, control, administration, and integration of alien schools into the Philippine educational system.
  • Deadline for institutional compliance and integration is set to harmonize with constitutional pronouncements.
  • Non-compliance results in revocation of government permits or recognition to operate.

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