Title
Supreme Court
Government Procurement Reform Act
Law
Republic Act No. 9184
Decision Date
Jan 10, 2003
Republic Act No. 9184: Government Procurement Reform Act is a comprehensive legislation in the Philippines that aims to modernize and regulate government procurement activities, promoting transparency, competitiveness, and accountability, while establishing guidelines and procedures for bidding, implementation, and termination of contracts.

Law Summary

Governing Principles of Procurement

  • Transparency throughout the procurement and contract implementation
  • Competitive bidding with equal opportunity for qualified private parties
  • Streamlined and uniform procurement procedures, adaptable to modern technology
  • System of accountability for public officials and private entities involved
  • Public monitoring of procurement and contract performance

Scope and Applicability

  • Applies to procurement of infrastructure, goods, and consulting services regardless of funding source
  • Covers all government branches, agencies, state universities, government-owned corporations, financial institutions, and local government units
  • Observance of relevant treaties and international agreements

Important Definitions

  • ABC: Approved Budget for the Contract per agency type
  • BAC: Bids and Awards Committee
  • Competitive Bidding: Open process including advertisement, eligibility screening, bid receipt, evaluation, post-qualification, and contract award
  • Consulting Services: Technical/professional services requiring outside expertise
  • G-EPS: Government Electronic Procurement System
  • Goods: Items, supplies, materials, and support services excluding consulting and infrastructure projects
  • Infrastructure Projects: Construction and related government projects
  • Procuring Entity: Any government agency authorized to procure

Standardization of Procedures and Forms

  • GPPB to develop and mandate uniform bidding forms and manuals

Procurement Planning and Budgeting

  • All procurement must be included in the Annual Procurement Plan
  • Plan must align with the approved budget and be approved by head of the procuring entity
  • Engineering designs and right-of-way acquisitions included in infrastructure procurement plans

Procurement by Electronic Means

  • Use of ICT to enhance transparency and efficiency
  • Establishment of a single government procurement portal via G-EPS
  • All procurements of common supplies mandated through G-EPS
  • Non-common procurements may engage qualified service providers
  • G-EPS ensures security, confidentiality, and audit trail

Competitive Bidding as the Default Method

  • All procurement to proceed via competitive bidding except in specific exceptions

Bids and Awards Committee (BAC)

  • Single BAC per procuring entity with 5-7 members chaired by a senior official
  • Members appointed for one-year terms
  • BAC conducts bidding, eligibility screening, evaluation, recommends awards, sanctions, and reports
  • Invitation of observers from recognized private groups and NGOs for transparency
  • Secretariat assists BAC operations
  • BAC members eligible for honoraria subject to DBM guidelines
  • GPPB to conduct capacity-building and professionalization programs for BAC personnel

Preparation of Bidding Documents

  • Must follow GPPB-prescribed standard forms
  • Includes budget, instructions, terms of reference, eligibility, specifications, forms, delivery and security requirements
  • No reference to brand names allowed in goods specifications
  • Equal access to information ensured; no premature disclosure

Invitation to Bid and Pre-Procurement Conference

  • Conduct pre-procurement conference to assess funding availability and document compliance
  • Invitations widely disseminated through posting, newspapers, G-EPS, and websites
  • Invitation contains project description, evaluation criteria, schedule, budget, contract duration, and other essential info
  • Mandatory pre-bid conference with option for additional ones upon request

Eligibility, Submission and Opening of Bids

  • Eligibility screening based on documented compliance
  • Submission of separate sealed technical and financial bids simultaneously
  • Deadlines strictly enforced; late or incomplete bids rejected
  • Bid modifications and withdrawals allowed only before deadline, with consequences for withdrawal
  • Bid security required as guarantee
  • Bid validity period must allow procurement process
  • Public bid opening with accessible minutes

Bid Evaluation

  • Preliminary examination using pass/fail criteria on technical documents
  • Bids exceeding ABC disqualified outright
  • Goods and infrastructure bids ranked lowest to highest price; lowest calculated bid selected
  • Consulting services bids evaluated by numerical ratings; highest rated bid selected
  • Negotiations permitted with first- and second-ranked bidders in consulting services

Post-Qualification

  • Verification of qualifications and compliance by the lowest calculated or highest rated bidder
  • Post-disqualification leads to evaluation of next bidder
  • Contract awarded only to the lowest/highest qualified bidder

Failure of Bidding

  • Occurs if no bids received, no qualified lowest/highest bid, or refusal to accept award
  • Contract re-advertised and re-bid
  • After two failures, negotiated procurement may be used

Award and Contract Execution

  • Head of procuring entity has 15 days to approve/disapprove recommendation
  • Notice of award issued immediately upon approval
  • Contract signing within 10 calendar days post notice
  • Notice to proceed issued within 7 days of contract approval
  • Contract implementation and termination rules to be outlined in IRR

Performance Security

  • Winning bidder to post performance security prior to contract signing
  • Failure to enter contract or post security leads to disqualification and forfeiture of bid security

Reservation of Rights

  • Right to reject all bids or declare failure for justifiable reasons including collusion, irregularities, or non-beneficial awards

Domestic and Foreign Procurement

  • Procurement open to both domestic and foreign suppliers; preference may be given to local products that meet quality standards

Provincial Projects and Bidders

  • Provincial projects covered under the Act
  • Preference to provincial contractors to match lowest outside bid within 5 years of effectivity

Leasing of Equipment

  • Lease contracts for computers, communications, and office equipment subjected to same procurement rules

Disclosure of Relations

  • Bidders to submit sworn affidavit disclosing relationship up to third civil degree to head of procuring entity
  • Non-compliance grounds for automatic disqualification

Alternative Methods of Procurement

  • Includes Limited Source Bidding, Direct Contracting, Repeat Order, Shopping, and Negotiated Procurement
  • Conditions and limitations apply, including emergencies, failed biddings, proprietary goods, and immediate requirements

Protest Mechanism

  • Protests against BAC decisions filed in writing with non-refundable fee
  • Resolutions based on BAC records; decisions of Head of Procuring Entity generally final
  • Bidding process continues despite protests; courts only after administrative process exhausted

Settlement of Disputes

  • Disputes governed by Philippine Arbitration Law
  • Construction disputes resolved by Construction Industry Arbitration Commission
  • Decisions appealable by petition for review to Court of Appeals on questions of law

Contract Prices and Warranties

  • Bid prices fixed; no escalation except under extraordinary approved circumstances
  • Warranty required to cover defects and contractor responsibilities
  • Retention or bank guarantees held until warranty period ends
  • Contractors responsible for repairs due to inferior materials or defects with penalties for non-compliance including perpetual disqualification

Government Procurement Policy Board (GPPB)

  • Established to protect national interest in procurement
  • Duties include formulating IRR, conducting training, reviewing effectiveness, and recommending amendments
  • Composed of key government secretaries and a private sector representative
  • Supported by technical staff

Penal Provisions

  • Strict penalties including imprisonment of 6 years and 1 day to 15 years for tampering, delays, undue influence, contract splitting, collusion, false submissions, bid rigging, and other violations
  • Penalties include disqualification from public office and transacting with government

Civil Liability

  • Conviction under this Act or anti-graft law entails civil liability such as restitution or forfeiture
  • Contracts to include liquidated damages provisions

Administrative Sanctions

  • Suspension from bidding for up to two years for various violations
  • Forfeiture of bid and performance securities
  • Preventive suspension of BAC members or secretariat on valid grounds

Legal Assistance and Indemnification of BAC Members

  • Authorized to engage private lawyers upon suit filings
  • GPPB to provide indemnification, legal support, liability insurance, and medical assistance unless gross negligence or misconduct proven

Final Provisions

  • Joint Congressional Oversight Committee created for five years
  • GPPB to promulgate IRR within 60 days and standard forms within 30 days after IRR approval
  • Repeal of various prior procurement-related laws and orders
  • Severability and effectivity clauses provided
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