Title
General Voter Registration in the Philippines
Law
Presidential Decree No. 1187
Decision Date
Aug 27, 1977
Presidential Decree No. 1187 establishes a general registration of qualified voters in the Philippines to ensure free and honest elections, allowing citizens aged 18 and above to register and vote, with provisions for illiterate or physically disabled individuals, disqualifications, and the role of the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) in overseeing the registration process.

Permanent and Continuing Registration System

  • Allows qualified voters to register anytime under the permanent system established by Presidential Decree No. 1099.

Requirement of Registration to Vote

  • Only duly registered qualified voters are entitled to vote in elections, plebiscites, or referenda.

Voter Qualifications

  • Must be a Philippine citizen, at least 18 years old.
  • Must have resided in the Philippines for at least one year.
  • Must have lived in the local voting area for at least six months prior to the election.
  • Illiterate or physically disabled persons may register under prescribed procedures.

Disqualifications from Registration

  • Final conviction of imprisonment for one year or more unless pardoned.
  • Violation of oath of allegiance by final judgment.
  • Insanity or feeble-mindedness.
  • Temporary disqualifications by law.
  • Automatic reacquisition of voting rights after ten years from sentence expiration, barring subsequent convictions.

Registration Committee Appointment and Composition

  • Commission on Elections appoints a citizen registration committee for each voting center, consisting of a chairman, poll clerk (both public school teachers), and a barangay council member.
  • Appointment to occur at least 10 days before registration.

Qualifications of Committee Members

  • Good moral character and irreproachable reputation.
  • Must be a qualified voter of the municipality.
  • No convictions for election offenses or serious crimes.
  • Must not have pending election offense cases.
  • Must be proficient in English or local dialect.

Powers and Functions of Registration Committee

  • Conduct voter registration.
  • Supervise and control registration to ensure free, orderly, and honest process.
  • Perform functions prescribed by this decree or regulations.

Voting Centers for Registration

  • Use existing voting centers from the October 1976 plebiscite.
  • New centers established where needed with at least 200 voters, preferably in public buildings aligned with local authorities.

Registration Application Procedures

  • Personal appearance before the registration committee required.
  • Application taken under oath, including detailed personal information and affirmations.
  • Illiterate or physically disabled applicants may be assisted by a trusted person, preferably a relative.
  • Identification required if not known by registration committee.

Certificate of Registration

  • Issued upon approval, serving as voter identification.
  • No requirement to present the certificate on election day if identity can be established by other means.
  • Duplicates issued only with Commission authorization.

Challenge and Examination of Applicants

  • Any person may challenge an applicant during registration day before the committee.
  • Committee must decide on challenges promptly, within one hour, notifying concerned parties.

Preparation and Structure of Voter List

  • Committee prepares an alphabetical list in triplicate after each registration meeting.
  • List contains columns for voter number, name, residence, ballot number, thumbmark and signature, and committee member's signature.
  • Ensures clear and orderly record for election administration.

Certification and Distribution of Voter Lists

  • Committee certifies lists, including corrections and total voter count.
  • Copies distributed to election registrar, Provincial Election Supervisor (for public inspection), and other relevant offices.

Preservation and Handling of Applications

  • Original applications transcribed to municipal files.
  • Duplicates forwarded to provincial supervisors; triplicates to national central file.
  • Disapproved applications kept in inactive files.

Watchers

  • Authorized civic and similar organizations may appoint watchers to observe registration proceedings.
  • Watchers can file protests but must not disrupt the process.

Community Assistance in Registration

  • Barangays and various community organizations tasked to assist Commission in maximizing voter registration.

Inclusion and Exclusion Proceedings

  • Procedures under Republic Act 6388 on inclusion/exclusion of voters remain effective.
  • Petitions must be filed within specific deadlines related to registration and election dates.

Offenses and Penalties

  • Election Code and related statutes apply to offenses committed during registration.

Jurisdiction and Prosecution

  • City and municipal courts have jurisdiction over offenses under this decree.
  • Commission on Elections empowered to investigate and prosecute election-related offenses.

Supervisory Powers of Commission on Elections

  • Full supervision and control over registration process.
  • Authority to issue rules, procure supplies and services, hire personnel, and authorize compensation for overtime and special work hours.

Suppletory Effect of Other Laws

  • RA 6388, PD 1099, and other relevant statutes apply so long as not inconsistent with this decree.

Appropriations and Funding

  • Funds necessary for implementation will be provided by the law setting registration dates.

Repealing Clause

  • All laws and regulations inconsistent with this decree are repealed or modified accordingly.

Effectivity

  • The decree takes effect immediately upon approval.

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