Title
Creation of Sandiganbayan Special Court
Law
Presidential Decree No. 1486
Decision Date
Jun 11, 1978
Presidential Decree No. 1486 establishes the Sandiganbayan as a special court in the Philippines, with jurisdiction over violations of the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act and crimes committed by public officers, among other offenses.

Official Station and Holding Sessions

  • The Sandiganbayan's principal office shall be in Metro Manila.
  • Presiding Judge may authorize sessions outside Metro Manila.
  • The court may utilize government personnel and facilities as necessary.

Quorum and Sitting Arrangements

  • Quorum requires five judges en banc, two judges in division.
  • Temporary judges can be assigned by the President upon request to fill vacancies or disqualifications.
  • The Sandiganbayan may sit en banc or in three divisions of three judges each.
  • The Presiding Judge presides when present; otherwise, the senior Associate Judge presides.

Jurisdiction

  • Original and exclusive jurisdiction over:
    • Violations of Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act and Republic Act No. 1379.
    • Crimes by public officers or employees, including those in government corporations, under Title VII of the Revised Penal Code.
    • Other offenses related to office involving public officers or employees.
    • Joint trials with private individuals charged as accomplices.
    • Civil suits related to the above crimes for restitution, recovery, or forfeiture.
    • Civil actions under Articles 32 and 34 of the Civil Code.
  • Cases against military personnel during martial law remain under military tribunals.

Proceedings against Constitutional Officers; Voting Requirements

  • Cases involving constitutional officers are exclusively heard en banc by the Sandiganbayan.
  • Joint cases with non-constitutional officers or private individuals also heard en banc.
  • Other cases may be heard in divisions.
  • Decisions require an affirmative vote of five judges en banc or two judges in division.

Trial Duration and Termination

  • Trials should proceed continuously once commenced.
  • Decisions must be rendered within three months from submission.

Form, Finality, and Appeals of Decisions

  • Decisions must contain full findings of fact on all issues.
  • Decisions en banc are appealable to the Supreme Court under Rule 45.
  • Decisions by division are appealable under Rule 42.
  • Supreme Court to prioritize cases involving death penalty or life imprisonment from Sandiganbayan.
  • Parties may file petitions for reconsideration within 15 days; the court must decide within 30 days.
  • Final judgments are enforced following Rules of Court.

Transfer of Cases to Sandiganbayan

  • All eligible cases not yet tried as of Sandiganbayan’s organization are transferred.
  • Cases in military tribunals or against military personnel remain there.

Internal Administration

  • Sandiganbayan may regulate its internal affairs, including division constitutions and case allocation.

Proceedings Free of Charge and Confidentiality

  • Proceedings are free for complainants and witnesses.
  • Complaints admitted only upon Chief Special Prosecutor's certification of probable cause after preliminary investigation.
  • No publicity or disclosure of parties’ identities during investigation until information is filed.

Administrative Personnel

  • Supreme Court may designate or appoint Sandiganbayan personnel upon recommendation.
  • Clerk of Court (P23,000 annual), three Deputy Clerks (P18,000 each) must be bar members.
  • Other employees subject to Civil Service Law; may be removed for cause by the court.

Office of the Chief Special Prosecutor

  • Chief Special Prosecutor, Assistant Chief, and nine Special Prosecutors appointed by the President.
  • Salaries: P30,000 (Chief), P28,000 (Assistant), P24,000 (Special Prosecutors).
  • They conduct preliminary investigations, prosecute cases, and exercise powers to administer oaths, issue subpoenas, and compel witnesses.
  • The Secretary of Justice oversees the office.

Office of Special Investigators

  • Special Investigators and personnel appointed to assist the Chief Special Prosecutor upon recommendation.
  • Subject to Civil Service Law; no additional compensation except for per diems and expenses.
  • May require governmental assistance and services.

Reporting and Funding

  • Sandiganbayan submits annual report to the President within two months after fiscal year end.
  • Immediate appropriation from National Treasury for its operations; subsequent funding is included in the general appropriation.
  • Funds are automatically released per court schedule.

Repealing Clause

  • Any inconsistent laws, rules, or regulations are repealed or modified accordingly.

Effectivity

  • The decree takes effect immediately upon issuance.

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