Title
Increase Courts and Create JDR Courts
Law
Presidential Decree No. 1439
Decision Date
Jun 10, 1978
Presidential Decree No. 1439 establishes additional branches of Courts of First Instance and City Courts in response to the overwhelming population growth and increase in cases, ensuring effective handling of the caseload and accessibility for the people.
A

Increase in Branches of Courts of First Instance (Section 1)

  • Amends Section 50 of the Judiciary Act of 1948.
  • Specifies the number of judges assigned to each judicial district and province/city.
  • Details the exact number of branches and locations per district, covering 16 judicial districts.
  • Judges are designated by branch numbers corresponding to their courts.

Re-structuring of Courts of First Instance (Section 2)

  • Amends Section 52 of the Judiciary Act of 1948.
  • Designates permanent stations of judges in each judicial district.
  • Provides detailed assignments of judges to specific municipalities or cities within each province/district.
  • Ensures that courts are stationed strategically according to population centers and needs.

Creation of Additional City Court Salas (Section 3)

  • Establishes additional salas in select cities with increasing caseloads.
  • Enumerates specific cities and the increase in the number of city court branches (salas).
  • Cities include Caloocan, Manila, Pasay, Quezon, and others.

Creation of New Juvenile and Domestic Relations Courts (Section 4)

  • Establishes Juvenile and Domestic Relations Courts (JDRCs) in various provinces and cities.
  • Judges appointed to these courts must have the same qualifications, privileges, and salary as Courts of First Instance judges.
  • Specifies the judicial district and station for each new JDRC.

Special Provisions on Juvenile and Domestic Relations Courts (Section 5)

  • Supreme Court may designate branches of Courts of First Instance to function as JDRCs where none exist.
  • JDRCs in Manila, Quezon, Caloocan, and Pasay have jurisdiction over all cases in Metro Manila.
  • Conversion of existing mixed criminal, juvenile, and domestic relations court in Dumaguete City to a regular JDRC with territorial jurisdiction.
  • Transfer of pending criminal cases not under JDRC jurisdiction to appropriate city courts.

Provision of Court Personnel, Equipment, and Facilities (Section 6)

  • Each additional court created shall be supplied with necessary personnel, equipment, and facilities to ensure immediate functionality upon judge appointment.

Transitory Provisions (Section 7)

  • Pending cases in newly created branches, where trial has not yet started, shall be equitably distributed among all branches per Supreme Court rules.
  • Cases where trial has commenced remain with the current branches until final disposition.
  • Supreme Court shall transfer cases cognizable by the new JDRCs upon their organization.

Appropriations (Section 8)

  • Authorizes funding of P19,000,000 for Courts of First Instance, P2,000,000 for City Courts, and P3,000,000 for Juvenile and Domestic Relations Courts.
  • Appropriations for subsequent years to be included in the Annual General Appropriations Decree.

Repealing Clause (Section 9)

  • Repeals or modifies any inconsistent laws, decrees, or orders contradictory to the provisions of this Decree.

Effectivity (Section 10)

  • The Decree takes effect immediately upon its signing.
  • Signed in Manila on June 10, 1978, by the President of the Philippines and Presidential Assistant.

Analyze Cases Smarter, Faster
Jur helps you analyze cases smarter to comprehend faster, building context before diving into full texts. AI-powered analysis, always verify critical details.