Title
DSWD Certifies Child Legal Adoption Status
Law
Republic Act No. 9523
Decision Date
Mar 12, 2009
Republic Act No. 9523 mandates the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) to issue a certification declaring a child legally available for adoption as a prerequisite for adoption proceedings, streamlining the process for abandoned, surrendered, or neglected children to ensure their welfare and emotional development.

Definitions

  • DSWD: Sole authority to issue certifications declaring children legally available for adoption.
  • Child: Person below 18 years or with disability unable to protect themselves.
  • Abandoned Child: No parental care or deserted continuously for at least 3 months.
  • Neglected Child: Basic needs unattended for at least 3 months; includes physical and emotional neglect.
  • Child Legally Available for Adoption: Issued a certification by DSWD after proof of abandonment/neglect or voluntary commitment by parents.
  • Voluntarily Committed Child: Parent/legal guardian relinquishes custody to DSWD or accredited institution.
  • Child-caring agency: Accredited agency providing 24-hour care to children.
  • Child-placing agency: Accredited agency facilitating foster or adoptive parent placement.
  • Petitioner: Authorized agency or officer with custody filing the petition.
  • Secretary: Secretary of DSWD or authorized representative.
  • Conspicuous Place: Publicly frequented place for posting notices.
  • Social Case Study Report (SCSR): Assessment report by a licensed social worker regarding the child's condition and efforts to locate relatives.

Petition Requirements

  • Must be an affidavit sworn before authorized official.
  • Should contain facts establishing abandonment or neglect.
  • Must be supported by:
    • Social Case Study Report.
    • Proof of diligent efforts to locate biological parents or relatives (e.g., broadcast, newspaper publication, police or barangay reports, PNRC tracing).
    • Birth certificate, if available.
    • Recent and abandonment/admission photographs of the child.

Petition Filing Procedure

  • File at the regional DSWD office where the child was found or abandoned.
  • Regional Director reviews petition; if sufficient, orders posting of the petition notice for five consecutive days at a conspicuous place.
  • Makes a recommendation within five working days after posting.
  • Transmits recommendation to DSWD Secretary within 48 hours.

Declaration of Availability for Adoption

  • Upon merit, Secretary issues certification within seven working days from receipt of recommendation.
  • Certification is primary evidence of legal availability for adoption.
  • Local civil registrar issues foundling certificate immediately.
  • Foundling certificate forwarded to National Statistics Office within seven working days.

Appeal

  • Secretary's decision can be appealed to the Court of Appeals within five days of receipt.
  • If no appeal is filed within the period, decision becomes final and executory.

Availability Declaration for Involuntarily or Voluntarily Committed Children

  • For involuntary commitment under PD No. 603, certification issued within three months.
  • For voluntary commitment, certification issued within three months after deed filing with DSWD.
  • Voluntarily committing parent/guardian may recover custody within three months if able to provide adequately.

Certification Nature

  • Certification by DSWD replaces judicial orders.
  • This makes the process administrative, streamlining adoption proceedings.
  • Valid for domestic and inter-country adoptions under respective laws.

Implementing Rules and Regulations

  • DSWD, Council for Welfare of Children, Inter-Country Adoption Board, representatives from agencies, NSO, and Civil Registrar to draft rules within 60 days of publication.
  • Pending rules, petitions may be filed at DSWD regional offices.

Penalties

  • Fine of PHP 100,000 to PHP 200,000 for placing children without DSWD certification.
  • Agency violating the law will have its license revoked and officers prosecuted.
  • Government officials/employees violating provisions face administrative, civil, or criminal sanctions including suspension or dismissal.

Repealing Clause

  • Amends or repeals provisions of RA No. 8552, RA No. 8043, PD No. 603, and other inconsistent laws or regulations.

Separability Clause

  • Invalid or unconstitutional provisions do not affect the validity of the remaining law.

Effectivity

  • Takes effect 15 days after complete publication in two newspapers of general circulation or the Official Gazette.

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