Title
Proclamation of Martial Law in the Philippines
Law
General Order No. 1
Decision Date
Sep 22, 1972
In response to widespread lawlessness and threats to political stability, the President declares martial law in the Philippines, assuming extraordinary powers to restore stability, safeguard the nation's integrity, and suppress subversive activities.

Law Summary

Grounds and Justification for Martial Law

  • The law identifies the prevalence of lawlessness, rebellion, and disorder as a state of actual war against the people and legitimate government.
  • It emphasizes the need to counter subversive, seditious, rebellious, and insurrectionary activities threatening national security.

Assumption of Greater Control and Powers by the President

  • The President, as Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, assumes greater and more effective control over the Government and all its agencies.
  • He is granted broad latitude and discretion to deal with national affairs aimed at restoring and maintaining national stability.
  • Extraordinary powers are vested in the President to suppress lawlessness and subversion using all available resources.

Scope of Presidential Authority

  • The President will govern and direct the entire operation of the Government, including all its instrumentalities.
  • All powers and prerogatives incident to the Commander-in-Chief role are to be exercised by the President to manage the national emergency.

Purpose and Objectives

  • The primary objectives are to restore stability within the shortest possible time, safeguard the integrity and security of the Philippines, and ensure peace and tranquility for all inhabitants.
  • Measures taken may include all necessary and expedient actions to contain and resolve the crisis.

Formal Proclamation and Signatories

  • The document is formally proclaimed by President Ferdinand E. Marcos on September 22, 1972, in Manila.
  • The Executive Secretary, Alejandro Melchor, also signed the proclamation to endorse its implementation.

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