Title
Art Forgery Act: Defining, Penalizing, and Auth. Mechanism
Law
Republic Act No. 9105
Decision Date
Apr 14, 2001
The Art Forgery Act of 2001 aims to protect and promote the cultural heritage of the Philippines by defining and penalizing art forgery, establishing an Art Authentication Panel, and imposing penalties for violators.

Law Summary

Declaration of Policy

  • The State aims to protect, conserve, develop, and promote the nation’s cultural heritage, artistic creations, and resources.

Definition of Key Terms

  • Art Forgery: Includes affixing forged signatures on artworks, counterfeiting signatures to deceive buyers or the public, selling artworks with forged signatures, and reproducing works to deceive on authenticity.
  • Work of Fine Art: Original artworks such as paintings, sculptures, drawings, graphic and photographic works, and sculpture casts, excluding mass-produced commercial works.
  • Art Dealer: Any person or entity that sells or deals in works of fine art for profit, including galleries, brokers, and agents.

Creation and Composition of the Art Authentication Panel

  • Establishes the Art Authentication Panel, replacing the previous experts panel under R.A. No. 4846.
  • The Panel consists of three members appointed by the National Museum Board of Trustees from a list submitted by a Search Committee.

Functions of the Art Authentication Panel

  • Designate Art Consultants for specific authentication sessions.
  • Verify and certify works of fine art as original, issuing certificates.
  • Register original artworks submitted by authors.
  • Impose and collect fees related to authentication and registration.
  • Investigate violations of the Act and recommend prosecution.
  • Promulgate rules and regulations and impose fines or sanctions.
  • Perform any necessary acts to implement the Act.

Qualifications for Panel Members

  • Must be Filipino citizens, at least 35 years old at appointment.
  • Should possess competence, integrity, probity, and independence of mind.
  • Must hold a degree or have equivalent training or experience in art conservation, connoisseurship, art history, or visual arts.

Terms of Office for Panel Members

  • Members serve two-year terms.
  • A member may serve no more than two consecutive terms.
  • Appointment to vacancies is only for the unexpired term and counts as one term.

Establishment and Composition of the Search Committee

  • The National Museum Board of Trustees shall constitute a Search Committee comprising:
    • Executive Director of the National Museum (chairperson)
    • A Commissioner of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA)
    • President of the Philippine Association of Art Galleries
    • Any National Artist for Visual Arts
    • Two deans of reputable fine arts schools
    • President of the Artists Association of the Philippines

Functions of the Search Committee

  • Submit six names to the Board for Panel selection.
  • Maintain and update a list of Art Consultants, categorized by expertise.

Compensation

  • Members of the Panel, Search Committee, and Art Consultants are entitled to per diems as per existing rules.

Penalties for Art Forgery

  • Imprisonment from 6 years and 1 day to 12 years.
  • Fines ranging between Fifty Thousand Pesos (P50,000) and Five Hundred Thousand Pesos (P500,000).
  • If committed by corporations or judicial entities, penalties apply to the chief executive officer or responsible officials.
  • If committed by art dealers or gallery owners/operators, automatic revocation of their license to operate, in addition to penalties.

Appropriations

  • An initial allocation of Fifty Million Pesos (P50,000,000) from the Organizational Adjustment Fund for equipment, supplies, and expertise.
  • Future funds for the Act’s enforcement to be included in the General Appropriations Act.
  • Fees collected by the Panel retained by the National Museum to augment its budget, disbursable with Board approval.

Implementing Rules and Regulations

  • The National Museum Board of Trustees is empowered to issue necessary rules and regulations for implementing the Act.

Separability Clause

  • Invalidity or unconstitutionality of any provision does not affect the remaining provisions, which remain in full force.

Repealing Clause

  • All laws, executive orders, decrees, rules, or regulations inconsistent with this Act are repealed, amended, or modified accordingly.

Effectivity Clause

  • The Act takes effect fifteen (15) days after publication in the Official Gazette or in at least two national newspapers of general circulation.

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