Title
Philippine Currency System Regulation Act 1918
Law
Act No. 2776
Decision Date
May 6, 1918
Philippine Law, Act No. 2776 regulates the currency system of the Philippine Islands, establishing the Philippine coins, their weight and fineness, and their legal tender status, while also maintaining the parity between the Philippine silver peso and the Philippine gold peso through the establishment of a currency reserve fund.
A

Unit and Standards of Monetary Value

  • The Philippine gold peso is set as the unit of value, defined as 0.8359 grams of nine-tenths fine gold.
  • Two gold pesos are equivalent in weight and value to one U.S. gold dollar.

Specifications of Philippine Coins

  • Peso equals 100 centavos, contains 20 grams of silver 0.800 fine.
  • Denominations include 50, 20, 10, 5, and 1 centavo coins with specified silver or alloy content.
  • Governor-General may reduce weight and fineness upon proclamation and legislature consent.

Legal Tender Status

  • Silver pesos and U.S. gold coins (at 1 dollar = 2 pesos) are legal tender for all debts.
  • Subsidiary silver coins legal tender up to twenty pesos; nickel and copper coins up to two pesos.

Coinage and Recoinage Procedures

  • Minting authorized domestically and in U.S. mints via contract.
  • Designs approved by Secretary of Finance and Governor-General.
  • Coins of greater weight/fineness or mutilated coins submitted for recoinage; losses or gains charged to the currency reserve fund.

Handling of Counterfeit Coins

  • Counterfeit coins must be stamped 'false' upon receipt by government treasury or banks.

Currency Exchange Functions

  • Silver pesos exchangeable for smaller denominations in multiples of ten pesos at Treasury and provincial offices.
  • Worn or mutilated U.S. notes accepted and forwarded for redemption.
  • Exchange of drafts and telegraphic transfers allowed between Insular and provincial treasurers with premiums set by the Department Head.

Maintenance of Currency Parity

  • Insular Treasurer authorized to maintain parity between silver and gold pesos through exchanges and sales with premiums.
  • United States and Philippine currency exchanges conducted under authorization.
  • Withdrawal of currency from circulation regulated for maintaining balance.

Issuance and Management of Treasury Certificates

  • Certificates issued for deposits of silver pesos or U.S. gold coin, denominated between one and five hundred pesos.
  • Certificates receivable for customs and public dues and countable as bank reserves.
  • Strict procedures for design, printing, delivery, safekeeping, withdrawal, and destruction of certificates.
  • Records maintained by Treasurer and Auditor with destruction overseen by appointed committee.

Establishment and Management of Currency Reserve Fund

  • Fund constituted to maintain silver-gold peso parity and facilitate certificate exchanges.
  • Fund sources include exchanged silver/gold coins, proceeds of indebtedness certificates, seigniorage profits, exchanges, forfeitures, interest, project receipts, and premiums.
  • Fund held in Manila Treasury or U.S. branches, with rules on maximum deposits.
  • Minimum fund amount must cover certificates in circulation plus 15% of government money in circulation.
  • Automatic appropriation to maintain minimum fund level; possible temporary issuance of indebtedness certificates.
  • Surplus funds may be invested or transferred with authorization.

Use and Limitations of Currency Reserve Fund

  • Fund used exclusively for certificate redemption, silver bullion purchase, coinage expenses, currency circulation maintenance, and compensation for currency handling personnel.

Reporting Requirements

  • Insular Treasurer to submit annual detailed report on currency reserve fund to Department Head and Governor-General for legislative dissemination.

Repeal and Effective Date

  • Conflicting laws repealed.
  • Act takes effect upon proclamation following U.S. Presidential approval.

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