Title
Motor Vehicle Traffic Regulation Act 1912
Law
Act No. 2159
Decision Date
Feb 6, 1912
A comprehensive Philippine law that regulates motor vehicle traffic, requiring registration and licensing of operators, as well as the use of lights on highways, with specific provisions for definitions, fees, inspections, accidents, and violations.

Registration of Motor Vehicles and Operators

  • Motor vehicles cannot be operated on highways unless registered according to the Act and operated by licensed persons.
  • Government vehicles are deemed registered if they bear appropriate signs and number plates issued free of charge.
  • Vehicle owners must file registration statements with detailed vehicle information within 60 days after the law takes effect, or within 36 hours of acquisition thereafter.
  • Registration requires fees: ten pesos for vehicles with more than three wheels, five pesos for others.
  • Registration issues a certificate with detailed vehicle data and number plates to be displayed on vehicles per specifications.

Certificates of Registration and Number Plates

  • Certificates contain registration date and comprehensive vehicle details; they remain with the vehicle upon ownership transfer.
  • Vehicles with more than three wheels must display two number plates—front and rear; others must display one at the rear.
  • Plates must be firmly fixed, clean, and legible.
  • Ownership changes require notification to the Director of Public Works with a fee; failure may result in sanctions.
  • Lost certificates or plates can be replaced upon payment of fees.

Dealer Registration and General Certificates

  • Dealers may obtain a general certificate and number for all vehicles they own or control used in their business, paying a 20-peso fee.
  • Dealer certificates cover specifics of business and vehicles handled, except vehicles privately used, which require separate registration.
  • Lost dealer certificates or duplicates may be reissued upon proof and payment.

Licensing of Operators and Temporary Permits

  • Operators applying to drive vehicles must provide personal and competency information; licenses are granted after meeting requirements and paying a fee.
  • Temporary permits may be issued for learners for up to three months and require accompaniment by a licensed operator.
  • No person under eighteen years may be licensed or operate a motor vehicle.
  • Licenses must be signed by the licensee to be valid.

Prohibitions on Employment and Operation

  • Owners, dealers, garage proprietors, and officials cannot employ unlicensed chauffeurs.
  • Violations incur fines, with higher penalties including imprisonment for rental businesses.

Vehicle Inspection and Safety

  • The Director of Public Works may inspect vehicles to ensure safety and proper equipment.
  • Unsafe vehicles may be refused registration, suspended, or deregistered until defects are corrected.
  • Operators and owners subject to fines or penalties for operating vehicles with suspended or revoked registrations.

Record-Keeping Requirements

  • Dealers and garage proprietors must keep detailed logs of motor vehicles leaving or returning, including operator and renter information.
  • Failure to maintain records can lead to fines and suspension of licenses.

Restrictions on Certificates, Plates, and Licenses

  • Loaning, selling, or borrowing certificates, number plates, or licenses unlawfully is prohibited and punishable by fines or imprisonment.
  • Use of false or deceitful plates or marks is also penalized.

Rules of the Road and Operational Conduct

  • Reckless driving, excessive speeds, blocking passage, and endangering persons or property are prohibited.
  • Penalties include fines and imprisonment.
  • Specific directional rules are prescribed for meeting and overtaking other vehicles.
  • Operation on sidewalks or pedestrian paths is forbidden.
  • Driving under the influence of alcohol is punishable by significant fines and imprisonment.

Post-Accident Duties

  • Operators involved in accidents must stop and provide personal and vehicle identification upon request.
  • Failure to comply results in fines or imprisonment.

Vehicle Equipment and Lighting Requirements

  • Vehicles must have adequate brakes and approved signaling devices.
  • Horn usage is required as a warning, particularly at crossings or when overtaking.
  • Lighting requirements specify headlights and rear lamps visible for prescribed distances during low visibility hours.

Interaction with Animals and Streetcars

  • Operators must stop or slow down for horses or other animals upon signals to avoid frightening them and assist if requested.
  • Special caution must be exercised near streetcars boarding or disembarking passengers.

Exemptions for Emergency Vehicles

  • Ambulances, police patrols, and fire wagons are exempt from certain operational rules but not from reckless operation liability.

Noise and Pollution Controls

  • Engines must be stopped when vehicles are unattended.
  • Mufflers must not be disabled in populated areas.
  • Emission of excessive smoke or noise causing nuisances is prohibited.

Unauthorized Use and Mischief

  • Operating a vehicle without owner permission or a chauffeur without authority is forbidden.
  • Placing injurious materials on highways is prohibited.

Tire Regulation

  • The Director of Public Works may ban the sale and importation of tire types damaging to public roads.
  • Dealers are notified and violations constitute misdemeanors.

Enforcement and Penalties

  • Failing to show license or permit upon official request is punishable by fines.
  • Multiple convictions can lead to license revocation and ineligibility to be licensed for up to two years.
  • Legal actions under this Act do not preclude prosecution for related offenses elsewhere.

Administrative and Procedural Provisions

  • Courts and justices must report convictions and judgments related to this Act to the Director of Public Works.
  • Weekly official publications will announce licenses and registration status changes.
  • Documents are to be indexed and made accessible as prescribed.
  • The Director may appoint deputies and prescribe regulations to facilitate enforcement.

Criminal Offenses Related to Fraud

  • False representation, forgery, or fraudulent use of licenses, certificates, or plates is punishable by fines or imprisonment.

Appropriations and Administrative Powers

  • A permanent appropriation is established to implement the Act.
  • The Director may hire necessary personnel and acquire resources to enforce the provisions.

Superseding Effect and Effective Date

  • This Act supersedes conflicting laws and local regulations concerning motor vehicle registration and operation.
  • Registered vehicles and licensed operators are authorized to operate throughout the Philippine Islands.
  • No additional fees beyond those fixed by this Act may be demanded, except lawful taxes.
  • Municipal councils may regulate garage operations and parking of vehicles for public hire.
  • The Act takes effect 60 days after passage.

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