Title
Revision of Public Elementary Education System
Law
Commonwealth Act No. 586
Decision Date
Aug 7, 1940
The Educational Act of 1940 in the Philippines aims to revise the public elementary education system to meet increasing demand, simplify instruction, provide adequate facilities, and ensure literacy and patriotism among students, with funding allocated from taxes and compulsory attendance enforced.
A

Role of the Department of Public Instruction

  • Tasked with revising the elementary school curriculum to achieve the stated objectives
  • Required to adjust the academic calendar to align school vacations with Philippine working seasons
  • Revised curriculum to be approved by the President and implemented by school year 1941-1942

Admission Age and Duration of Elementary Schooling

  • The minimum entry age for public elementary schools may be raised up to 9 years with Presidential approval
  • Duration of elementary instruction (primary and intermediate) can be reduced but not less than 5 years
  • Changes in admission age do not affect students enrolled before school year 1940-1941

Compulsory Attendance and Exceptions

  • Mandatory school attendance until completion of primary course
  • Exceptions allowed if:
    • School is over three kilometers away and inaccessible
    • Child is mentally or physically unfit (certificate required)
    • Economic hardship prevents continuation
    • Child transfers to a private school
  • Non-compliance by parents/guardians subject to fines ranging from 20 to 50 pesos

Measures to Accommodate Enrollment

  • Secretary of Public Instruction, with Presidential approval, may authorize multiple complete sessions per day or other measures to maximize enrollment capacity

Financing of Public Elementary Education

  • National Government to support public elementary education starting 1940-1941 school year
  • Chartered cities to support intermediate classes, but National Government may assist cities financially unable
  • Municipalities, municipal districts, or chartered cities to acquire school sites through purchase or donation, with possible waiver of standard size with Presidential approval
  • Matriculation fees for intermediate grades limited to 2 pesos, proceeds to fund library books, equipment, and athletic activities

Tax Revenue Allocation for School Funding

  • 50% of Residence Tax proceeds allocated between provinces (half) and chartered cities, municipalities, and municipal districts (half) based on population
  • Remaining 50% goes to National Government, while chartered cities continue to receive their rightful shares
  • Specific allocation from National Internal Revenue Code taxes:
    • 3/7 of specified agricultural and factory-related taxes to provinces, rest to National Government
    • 2.5% of income tax to provinces; rest to National Government
    • 2.5% heritage/gifts tax to provinces; 2.5% to municipalities; 95% to National Government
  • Proceeds to provinces/municipalities apportioned by population
  • Annual allotments of 9-10% of certain tax revenue to provinces split between general and road/bridge funds
  • Previous entitlements of chartered cities retained

Disestablishment of Municipal School Funds

  • Effective July 1, 1940, school funds in municipalities and districts are disestablished
  • Remaining funds revert to municipal general fund
  • Post-June 30, 1940, funds normally accruing to municipal schools but not transferred to National Government accrue to municipal general fund
  • No tuition fees allowed for intermediate instruction in municipalities; fees collected in 1940-1941 to be refunded

Repeal of Conflicting Laws

  • Erasure of several provisions and sections from previous Commonwealth Acts (381, 465, 466) that conflict with this Act

Effectivity

  • The Act took effect immediately upon approval on August 7, 1940.

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