Title
Establishment of Philippine Weather Bureau
Law
Act No. 131
Decision Date
May 22, 1901
The Philippine Law establishes the Philippine Weather Bureau, headed by a Director, to provide weather forecasts, storm warnings, and meteorological reports to various recipients, with the central station located at the Manila Observatory and multiple stations throughout the country.

Law Summary

Personnel and Appointment

  • Key Bureau officers include a Director (salary: $2,500/year), three Assistant Directors ($1,800/year each), and a Corresponding Secretary and Librarian ($1,400/year).
  • Staff composition detailed for central and branch stations with specific salary grades dependent on duties and station class.
  • All appointments are made by the Director, subject to Civil Service regulations and Act Numbered Twenty-five.

Duties and Oversight of the Director

  • General supervision and control over Bureau activities vested in the Director.
  • Responsibilities include defining employee duties, maintaining weather forecasts and storm warnings, and daily communication to port captains, government officials, and the public.
  • Issuance of telegraphic storm warnings to threatened areas and coordination with meteorological observatories in Asia.
  • Preparation and publication of monthly bulletins and reports, including meteorological and crop condition summaries, with free public distribution.
  • Provision for special reports and maps as authorized by the Commission.

Central and Branch Stations Configuration

  • The central station is the Manila Observatory, with provisions for its rental and maintenance.
  • Network includes nine first-class stations, twenty-five second-class stations, seventeen third-class stations, and twenty rain stations located across the archipelago.
  • The Director may relocate stations based on operational needs.

Meteorological Observation and Reporting Procedures

  • Central station required to conduct hourly observations and keep continuous meteorological records.
  • First-class stations maintain hourly records and regular telegraphic reports.
  • Second-class stations conduct six daily observations with compiled monthly reporting.
  • Third-class and rain stations have specified observation frequencies and reporting methods primarily by mail.
  • Crop condition reports are integrated into meteorological data submissions.

Operational and Financial Provisions

  • Employees engaged in station establishment entitled to reimbursement of necessary travel and transportation expenses.
  • Immediate establishment of first-class stations prioritized; others to follow as feasible.
  • Appropriations detailed for purchase of meteorological instruments, shelters, and installation costs for all classes of stations.
  • Provision for maintaining and supplying standard time to Manila and branch stations daily.
  • Free chronometer rating service established at Manila Observatory.

Additional Duties and Legal Effectiveness

  • Officers and employees may be tasked with astronomical, magnetic, and seismic observations.
  • Inclusion of such data in monthly reports subject to Director's discretion.
  • The Act takes effect immediately upon passage, authorizing the implementation and operation of the Philippine Weather Bureau.

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