Title
Philippine Civil Service Regulation Act
Law
Act No. 1698
Decision Date
Aug 26, 1907
The Revised Civil Service Act of the Philippines, enacted in 1907, establishes rules and regulations for the appointment, promotion, and removal of officers and employees in the civil service, with provisions for leave, salary, and penalties for corrupt practices.

Duties of the Director of Civil Service

  • Maintain records of officers and employees in classified and certain unclassified services.
  • Manage attendance and absences records.
  • Provide annual reports to the Governor-General on civil service activities.
  • Oversee all civil service examinations, including appointing examiners, with authority to hire external experts if needed.
  • Conduct investigations with power to administer oaths and require documents.
  • Prepare and certify rules for civil service enforcement, subject to Governor-General approval.

Rules for Examinations and Appointments

  • Competitive examinations mandatory for most positions; noncompetitive allowed in specific circumstances.
  • Separate provisions for skilled workmen and bilingual applicant examinations.
  • Physical fitness examinations required.
  • Credit for experience in examinations.
  • Certification of eligibles to bureaus and offices.
  • Probationary period before permanent employment.
  • Procedures for promotions, transfers, and reinstatements detailed.
  • Fixed age limits and submission of detailed applicant information mandated.
  • Regulation of appointments, suspensions, separations, working hours, leaves, and travel expenses.

Bureau of Civil Service Office Provisions

  • Permanent office established in Manila.
  • Public buildings must be made available for examinations.

Appointment and Employment Conditions

  • Appointments must comply with law and approved rules; unauthorized appointments yield no salary rights.
  • Hiring for unclassified positions barred from clerical or classified work.
  • Classified employees require Director approval before reassignment outside original grade or scope.

Appointment Preferences

  • Preference order: natives or politically recognized Filipinos, honorably discharged U.S. military veterans, and U.S. citizens.
  • Governor-General may approve appointments outside this preference.

Promotions and Examinations

  • Promotion to chiefs or assistant chiefs can be made without examination if qualified employees are available unless requested otherwise.

Penalties for Examination Fraud and Corruption

  • Fines up to 2,000 pesos and/or imprisonment up to one year for willful corruption or cheating in examinations.
  • Same penalties apply to beneficiaries of such fraudulent acts.

Political Contributions and Activities Prohibited

  • Civil service employees are not required to contribute or render political services.
  • Solicitation among subordinates for political funds is prohibited.
  • Violations result in removal and fines up to 1,000 pesos and/or imprisonment up to six months.

Non-Discrimination Policies

  • Political or religious opinions not considered in examinations or promotions.
  • Disloyalty to the United States is an absolute disqualification.
  • Ineligibility for those who took arms against U.S. authority post-1901 unless covered by amnesty.

Applicant Oath Requirement

  • Applicants must swear allegiance to U.S. sovereignty in the Philippines before examination.
  • Oath submitted with examination application.

Classification of Officers and Employees

  • Classification system based on salary ranges from Class 1 (highest) to Class K (lowest).

Appointment and Removal Procedures

  • Subordinate appointments/removals by bureau heads with necessary approvals.
  • Specific provisions for laborers and temporary/emergency employees.

Temporary Assignments

  • Provisions for temporary substitution in case of absence or disability, with conditions on compensation.
  • Additional expenses reimbursed when bond premiums are incurred.

Disciplinary Actions

  • Chiefs of bureaus may reduce pay, deduct salary, or suspend without pay for neglect or violation of rules, subject to higher approval.
  • Suspension pending investigation with no pay unless otherwise directed.

Authority and Powers Reserved

  • Philippine Commission may make appointments/removals under its general powers.

Salary and Position Adjustments

  • Filling vacancies with lower-class employees allowed, subject to salary limits.
  • Bureau chiefs may adjust positions and salaries within authorized budgets, excluding certain appointments.
  • Governor-General can consolidate or separate positions with salary adjustments accordingly.

Working Hours and Overtime

  • Minimum of 6.5 hours work per day, excluding lunch, Sundays, and holidays.
  • Work on Sundays/holidays allowed without extra pay unless authorized.
  • Saturday hours may be reduced at discretion of department heads.
  • No overtime payment unless specifically authorized by law.
  • Different rules apply to judges and public school sessions.

Leave of Absence Provisions

  • Accrued leave granted after 2 years of faithful service, with varying days depending on salary class.
  • Leave may accumulate up to 5 years’ entitlement.
  • Leave for visiting the U.S. allowed once every 3 years with half pay and travel expenses.
  • Teachers have tailored leave provisions tied to vacation periods.
  • Specific classes of employees excluded from leave benefits.
  • Leave provisions applied retroactively.

Vacation and Sick Leave

  • Vacation leave granted after 6 months service, with duration based on salary and role.
  • Sick leave charged first against vacation then accrued leave; payment rules specified.
  • Special provisions for injury in service with pay and medical expense coverage.

Death Benefits

  • Unused accrued leave converted to salary paid to estate upon employee’s death.

Commutation of Leave

  • Governors can commute leave to cash payment under conditions.
  • Return to service requires refunding commuted leave.
  • Special provisions for employees separated due to lack of work.

Leave Application Process

  • Applications processed by bureau chiefs, Director of Civil Service, then department heads or Governor-General.
  • Director may be authorized to grant leave.

Appointments of U.S. Residents

  • Conditions for travel expenses, salary payment while in transit, required service contracts.
  • Breach of contract results in salary/travel payment withholding and disqualification.
  • Retirement benefits include additional half salary and transportation to the U.S. if applicable.

Exclusions

  • Provisions do not apply to Supreme Court, First Instance, or Land Registration judges regarding leave and travel.

Repeal of Inconsistent Laws

  • Several prior acts and amendments repealed to harmonize civil service provisions.

Effective Date

  • Act effective from August 31, 1907, known as the Revised Civil Service Act.

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