Law Summary
Fine Penalties Categorization
- Fines exceeding One million two hundred thousand pesos (P1,200,000) are afflictive.
- Fines between Forty thousand pesos (P40,000) and One million two hundred thousand pesos (P1,200,000) are correctional.
- Fines less than Forty thousand pesos (P40,000) are light penalties.
Treason and Evidentiary Requirements
- Treason punished by reclusion perpetua to death and fines up to Four million pesos (P4,000,000).
- Requires testimony of at least two witnesses to the same overt act or confession in open court.
- Aliens committing treason punished by reclusion temporal to death and same fine.
Conspiracy and Proposal to Commit Treason
- Conspiracy: prision mayor and fine up to Two million pesos (P2,000,000).
- Proposal: prision correccional and fine up to One million pesos (P1,000,000).
Malicious Procurement and Abuse of Search Warrants
- Penalties range from arresto mayor (max) to prision correccional (min) plus fines up to Two hundred thousand pesos (P200,000).
Conspiracy and Proposal to Commit Coup d'état, Rebellion, or Insurrection
- Penalties range from prision mayor (min) to prision correccional depending on offense and fines up to One million pesos (P1,000,000).
Penalties for Sedition and Related Acts
- Leaders: prision mayor (min) and fines up to Two million pesos (P2,000,000).
- Participants: prision correccional (max) and fines up to One million pesos (P1,000,000).
- Conspiracy: prision correccional (medium) and fines up to Four hundred thousand pesos (P400,000).
- Inciting sedition: prision correccional (max) and fines up to Four hundred thousand pesos (P400,000).
Offenses Related to Meetings and Legislative Proceedings
- Preventing meetings: prision correccional or fines from Forty thousand pesos (P40,000) to Four hundred thousand pesos (P400,000).
- Disturbing proceedings: arresto mayor or fines Forty thousand pesos (P40,000) to Two hundred thousand pesos (P200,000).
Illegal Associations and Assaults
- Founders/directors/presidents: prision correccional (min to medium) and fines up to Two hundred thousand pesos (P200,000).
- Members: arresto mayor.
- Direct assaults: penalties vary with weapon use or offender’s target, ranging from prision correccional (min) to prision correccional (medium to max) plus fines.
- Indirect assaults: prision correccional (min to medium) and fines up to One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000).
Disobedience to Summons and Resistance to Authority
- Disobedience to congressional or constitutional summons: arresto mayor or fines Forty thousand pesos (P40,000) to Two hundred thousand pesos (P200,000), or both.
- Resistance and disobedience to persons in authority: arresto mayor and fines up to One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000), lesser penalties for minor disobedience.
Tumults, Public Disturbances, and Use of Publications
- Serious disturbances: arresto mayor (medium) to prision correccional (min) and fines up to Two hundred thousand pesos (P200,000).
- Publishing false news or inciting disobedience: arresto mayor and fines Forty thousand pesos (P40,000) to Two hundred thousand pesos (P200,000).
Counterfeiting and Falsification Crimes
- Counterfeiting coins, notes, official documents: various penalties including prision correccional, prision mayor, reclusion temporal; fines ranging from Two hundred thousand pesos (P200,000) to Two million pesos (P2,000,000).
- Falsification by public officers, private individuals, and use of falsified documents punishable by imprisonment and fines.
- Manufacturing or possession of instruments for falsification penalized harshly.
False Testimony and Libel
- False testimony against or in favor of defendants: penalties ranging from arresto mayor to reclusion temporal plus fines.
- Libel through various media: prision correccional and fines Forty thousand pesos (P40,000) to One million two hundred thousand pesos (P1,200,000).
- Threats relating to libel: arresto mayor or fines Forty thousand pesos (P40,000) to Four hundred thousand pesos (P400,000).
Crimes Affecting Public Order and Safety
- Crimes include illegal associations, assaults, coercions, threats with scaled penalties depending on severity and circumstances.
Public Officers’ Malfeasance and Related Offenses
- Frauds against public treasury, prohibited transactions, malversation, failure to render accounts, refusal of assistance, and concealment or destruction of documents all with graduated penalties and fines.
Offenses Involving Minors and Exploitation
- Various penalties for inducing minors to abandon home, abandonment, exploitation with fines and imprisonment.
Property Offenses Including Theft, Robbery, Trespass
- Theft penalties stratified based on value of property stolen, from arresto menor to prision mayor.
- Special provisions for theft of museum or library property.
- Robbery penalties depend on location, use of force, and value stolen.
- Trespass penalties differ depending on nature of entry and use of violence.
Provisions on Imprudence and Negligence
- Penalties for reckless imprudence and negligence vary according to gravity of resulting damage and felony classification.
- Includes fines and imprisonment.
Miscellaneous Penal Provisions
- Use of fictitious names, revealing secrets, refusal to discharge office, maltreatment of prisoners, and anticipation of duties.
Legal Application and Procedural Clauses
- Separability clause preserving law if parts invalid.
- Repealing inconsistent laws and rules.
- Retroactive effect favorable to accused.
- Transitional provisions for pending cases.
- Effectivity upon publication within fifteen days.