Military Organizational Structure and Territorial Division
- The Philippines is divided into military districts as directed by the President.
- These districts aid in recruiting manpower, preparatory military training, mobilization plans, and supplying armed forces in peace and war.
Provincial Roles in Recruitment and Mobilization
- Provincial governors execute recruitment, mobilization laws, and regulations.
- The Provincial Inspector of the Philippine Constabulary assists the governor.
Mobilization Centers Establishment and Operation
- Mobilization centers are established in municipalities and districts based on military population.
- The Chief of Staff determines location and types; District Commanders manage operation.
Composition and Structure of Organized Peace Establishment
- Includes Regular Force and Reserves to ensure complete and prompt mobilization.
- Army organized into battalions, regiments, divisions, and higher units as necessary.
Composition of the Regular Force
- Includes Infantry, Cavalry, Field Artillery, Coast Artillery, Air Corps, Engineers, Chemical Corps, Signal Corps, Off-Shore Patrol, General Staff Corps, and various service branches.
- Officers and enlisted men permanently assigned to services are considered Staff; others are line personnel.
- Peace-time numbers are recommended annually by the Chief of Staff.
- Personnel are drawn from all provinces as practicable.
Organization of the Regular Force
- Other regular units organized as the President directs.
- Reserve officers may be attached to regular units for annual training or extended active duty.
- Trainees may be attached for prescribed military training periods.
Appointment, Transfer, and Rank of Officers
- Regular officers appointed primarily as Third Lieutenants between ages 21-26.
- Priority for appointment: Military Academy graduates, senior military training graduates, experienced enlisted men, and others.
- Special grades for Judge Advocate General’s Service, Medical Service, and Chaplain Service with specific appointment rules.
- Temporary promotions allowed under certain conditions without vacating permanent commissions.
- Transfers between branches permitted except for certain services; war-time transfers regulated by Chief of Staff.
- Reserve officer transfers governed by Presidential rules; limit on active duty employment without consent.
General Staff Corps Structure and Duties
- Chief of Staff subordinate directly to the President.
- Central General Staff prepares defense plans, investigates efficiency, inspects training, and assists the Chief of Staff.
- General Staff with troops assists commanding generals, harmonizes operations, and supervises execution of plans.
Repeal of Section Twenty-Four
- Section twenty-four of the original Act is repealed.
Services Within the Army and Their Functions
- The Services comprise Adjutant General, Judge Advocate General, Inspector General, Quartermaster, Finance, Medical, Ordinance, and Chaplain Services.
- Each headed by a Chief responsible under the Chief of Staff.
- Adjutant General handles personnel administration.
- Judge Advocate General provides legal assistance.
- Inspector General conducts inspections and investigations.
- Quartermaster handles procurement, storage, real estate, and transportation.
- Finance Service manages funds, disbursements, accounting, and bonds officers handling government money.
- Medical Service covers medical, dental, veterinary care, health, and sanitation.
- Ordinance, Medical, Air Corps, Engineer, Signal, Offshore Patrol, and Chemical Corps manage their own specialized supplies.
- Chaplain Service manages religious welfare.
Enlistment Conditions and Procedures
- Males aged 18-30, able-bodied, of good moral character, and required education may enlist.
- Enlistments for three years; continual service during war or emergencies.
- Minors require parental or guardian consent.
- Enlistments are provincial where practicable.
- Former soldiers from Philippine Army or U.S. services may enlist if qualified.
Exemption and Discharge of Enlisted Men
- Enlisted men who served honorably for at least three years and do not reenlist are exempt from further service except in national emergency.
- Required to register address with local military headquarters.
- Former soldiers may enlist voluntarily in Reserve.
Military Academy Admission and Graduation
- President authorizes annual appointment of cadets to maintain corps strength.
- Candidates are nominated by National Assembly members and must pass physical and mental exams.
- Quotas assigned per Assembly district with provisions for filling vacancies.
- Cadets receive pay and allowances as fixed by President.
- Physical unfitness due to service injuries entitles cadets to retirement pay.
- Graduates commissioned as Third Lieutenants with rank based on academic standing.
- Academic Board grants degrees and oversees academic matters.
- Graduates may be granted leave with pay; leaves for staff are regulated.
Protection of Government Employment During Military Service
- Government employees called for training or active duty do not lose their positions or pay.
- Reserve officers on extended active duty entitled to quarters or allowances.
Functions and Establishment of Mobilization Centers
- Serve as storage for arms, equipment, and records for mobilization.
- Provide advance mobilization shelter for men and animals.
- One center per battalion or larger units for national interests.
Scope and Age Classifications of Military Training Obligation
- Military training starts at age 10 and continues until age 21 during schooling.
- Preparatory training is mandatory; Junior Reserve applies to youth 18-21 not in school.
- All able-bodied males 20-51 categorized as Trainees, First, Second, and Third Reserves based on age.
- Schoolgirls receive auxiliary training as prescribed.
Selection and Notification for Trainee Instruction
- Annual drawing by Chief of Staff on May 15 to select trainees.
- Names published promptly; provincial governors ensure notification.
Exemptions from Trainee Instruction
- Clergy, seminarists, practicing physicians.
- Superintendents of penal and mental institutions.
- Coast guard and lighthouse personnel.
- Maritime pilots and superintendents.
- Philippine citizens regularly employed by U.S. Government with conditions.
Composition and Appointment of Acceptance Boards
- Boards appointed by Secretary of National Defense for three years.
- Comprise five members including two physicians and, where possible, Army officers.
- Alternate members serve if regular members are unavailable.
- Boards located as population dictates.
Supervision of Recruitment and Registration
- District Commanders supervise recruitment and operation of Acceptance Boards.
- Have access to related records and must report irregularities.
Composition and Terms of the Central Review Board
- Five citizens appointed by Secretary of National Defense with staggered terms.
- Includes one Army officer representative.
- Chairmanship passes to longest-serving member after term expiration.
- Sessions held in Manila.
Decision-Making and Staff of Central Review Board
- Decisions by majority vote.
- Employ staff and medical examiners as authorized.
Trainee Examination, Classification, and Assignment
- Physical examination upon training reporting; reassignment based on fitness.
- Possible reassignment involves transportation orders.
- Physically unfit trainees returned home with reports.
Reserve Service Classification by Age
- Trainees join First Reserve after training until age 31.
- Transferred to Second Reserve until age 41.
- Then to Third Reserve until age 51, members may be assigned to organizations.
Registration Duties of Reservists
- All reservists aged 21 to 51 must register names with local secretary or police chief.
- Registry books provided and managed as prescribed.
Physical Examination of Reserve Enlisted Men
- Required physical exams as directed by Secretary of National Defense.
Exemption from Junior Reserve Training
- Based on physical unfitness, residence abroad, or undergoing authorized military instruction.
Supervision and Assignment of Preparatory Training Instructors
- District Commanders assign qualified male teachers as cadet instructors.
- Officers and men of Regular or Reserve Forces assigned to junior reserve instruction.
Penal Provisions for Non-Attendance in Preparatory Training
- Parents and employers must ensure attendance.
- Failure to comply may result in fines up to one hundred pesos.
- Enrollment regulated by Secretary of National Defense.
Enlisted Men Grades and Pay
- Detailed monthly base pay scales for Regular Force enlisted ranks including Air Corps and Medical Service specifics.
- Reenlistment bonuses and special pay for technical specialists and air mechanics outlined.
- Additional pay for specialists categorized in classes with monthly rates.
- Enlisted men entitled to rations, quarters, medical care, clothing, or respective allowances.
- Reserve enlisted pay mirrors Regular Force but only during active status or emergencies.
Officer Pay and Special Flight Compensation
- Officer pay rates established by Presidential Executive Orders.
- Pending issuance, Constabulary rates apply.
- Additional 25% pay for officers with regular flying duties due to high mortality.
Injury and Disease in Line of Duty
- Injuries or diseases are considered service-connected unless due to misconduct, intoxication, or immoral acts.
Trainee Pay and Allowances
- Trainees receive five centavos daily plus meals, barracks, medical care, clothing, and transportation.
- Additional allowances for service beyond five and one-half months with exceptions for misconduct.
Probationary Third Lieutenant Pay
- Paid at rates similar to trainees with more than five and one-half months.
- Additional allowances prescribed by Chief of Staff.
Reserve Force Pay and Benefits During Training
- No pay for reservists on annual active duty training.
- Provided with subsistence, quarters, and travel expenses.
Appropriation and Use of Public Funds for National Defense
- Funds categorized into six main p