Title
Amendment to Fishery Laws in the Philippines
Law
Commonwealth Act No. 471
Decision Date
Jun 16, 1939
Commonwealth Act No. 471 regulates fishing and other aquatic activities in the Philippines, including the use of explosives, possession of undersized fish, importation and exportation of aquatic animals, licensing requirements, and the establishment of fishery reserves.

Enforcement Deputies

  • Includes members of Philippine Constabulary, municipal police, secret service, customs, coast guard, and designated officials.
  • Deputies have authority to enforce the Act, make arrests, administer oaths, and take testimony.

Prohibition of Explosives in Fishing

  • Use of dynamite or explosives for fishing is unlawful except for bona fide engineering works or navigation obstruction removal.
  • Limited use of mechanical bombs for scientific purposes allowed with approvals.
  • Possession of explosives on fishing boats is presumed illegal fishing.

Protection of Fish Fry and Eggs

  • Taking fry, fish eggs, and small fish under 3 cm prohibited except for scientific, educational, or propagation purposes.
  • Secretary may regulate fishing gear to protect fry; limited exceptions for species known as ipon.

Prohibition of Pollutants in Waters

  • Discharges of petroleum, acids, coal tar, chemicals, mill tailings, factory refuse, and any substance harmful to aquatic life into Philippine waters are unlawful.

Importation and Exportation of Aquatic Animals

  • Requires special permit from Secretary of Agriculture and Commerce.
  • Applications must be submitted in advance with fees and possible inspection charges.
  • Penalties and fines apply for non-compliance.

Licenses and Fees for Fishing Vessels

  • Annual licensing required for powered vessels over 3 tons with progressive fees and surcharges for late renewal.
  • Vessels under 3 tons licensed under a different provision.
  • Fishing activities under licensed vessels are subject to restrictions and penalties.

Licensing Restrictions Near Shore and Fish Corals

  • Offshore fishing licenses do not apply within three nautical miles of shore or near municipal fish coral areas, unless authorized.

Fisherman's License Requirements

  • All persons working on commercial vessels over 3 tons require a fisherman’s license.
  • License fees with surcharges for late renewal; citizenship and reciprocity restrictions apply.
  • Temporary substitutes allowed for incapacitated licensed fishermen.

Fee on Fish Caught

  • Secretary may fix fees for fish caught between 1 to 3 pesos per ton.
  • Only one fee collected; failure to pay incurs 100% surcharge.

Pearling and Shell Collecting Licenses

  • Issued upon payment and subject to qualifications and prior violations.
  • Shell diver license required for use of submarine armor; daily collection limits for unlicensed collectors.
  • Minimum sizes for shells regulated; possession of undersized shells is penalized.
  • Use of unlicensed divers prohibited.

Regulation of Sponges and Minor Aquatic Products

  • Restrictions on collection except for personal use with daily limits.
  • Concessions granted for sponging with fees, duration up to 20 years, and area use conditions.

Annual Concession Fees and Revenue Distribution

  • Fees up to 100 pesos per square km for sponges; 50 pesos for other products.
  • Penalties for late payment include surcharges and possible cancellation.
  • Revenue shared among National Treasury, provinces, and municipalities based on area.

Record Keeping and Inspection

  • Concessionaires must maintain detailed records of harvests.
  • Records subject to inspection at ports by authorized officers.

Payment Procedures for Fees

  • Fees collected by designated officers; exemptions for small-volume personal collectors.

Permits and Leases for Fishponds within Forest Lands

  • Issued with tenure up to 20 years, renewable but total not exceeding 50 years.
  • Subject to forest laws and regulations.

Navigation Rights and Removal of Obstructions

  • Lessees or permittees prohibited from obstructing free navigation and public passage.
  • Unauthorized constructions subject to removal by Secretary or authorized representative.

Appropriation of Fees for Fisheries Development

  • Annual fund up to 100,000 pesos from fees, fines, sales.
  • Used for research, education, propagation, experimental stations, and fisheries management.
  • Unused funds remain available for same purposes; does not revert to National Treasury.

Municipal Authority to Grant Fishery Privileges

  • Municipal councils may grant exclusive privileges for fish coral creation, fishpond operation, or fry catching.
  • Stock ownership requirements and transfer restrictions apply.
  • Minimum distance requirements for fish corals; exceptions with approval.

Letting of Fishery Privileges to Private Parties

  • Leases awarded to highest bidder, maximum 5 years or up to 20 with Secretary’s approval.
  • Subject to conditions prescribed by Secretary.

Municipal Licensing and Taxes for Fishing in Municipal Waters

  • Licenses issued for vessels under 3 tons with fees.
  • No exclusive rights conferred except as provided; license tax imposed once per year per fisherman.
  • Licensing fees cannot be imposed on mollusk fishing, pearling boats, or sponge gathering.
  • Restrictions on fishing near licensed fish corals.

Reporting Requirements for Commercial Fishing

  • Licensed commercial fishers and operators must submit monthly reports on catch kind, quantity, and prices.
  • Municipal treasurers and mayors responsible for forwarding data to Secretary.

Establishment of Fish Refuges and Sanctuaries

  • Secretary may establish fish reserves for protection.
  • Protected areas declared fish refuges; taking or disturbing fish fry or eggs prohibited.

Penalties for Use of Poisons or Explosives in Fishing

  • Fine up to 5,000 pesos and/or imprisonment up to 5 years per offense.
  • Confiscation of implements and materials used in violation.

Compromise of Cases and Schedule of Administrative Fines

  • Secretary’s approved officers may compromise cases with fines for various violations including:
    • Fishing in reserves or closed areas.
    • Fishing after license expiration.
    • Employing unlicensed fishermen.
    • Obstructing boarding officers.
    • Failure to submit reports or renew licenses.
    • Transfer or lease reporting failures.
    • Fishing without license.
  • Minimum fines and court action provisions for serious violations.

Sanctions for Failure to Report Fishing Data

  • Willful refusal to report catch data may result in fines from 10 to 100 pesos and license revocation or cancellation.

Definitions

  • "Fish coral" or "baclad": stationary traps or fences made of natural materials used to catch fish.
  • "Fishery": commercial business of fishing and marketing aquatic products, including fishing grounds and rights.
  • "Fish": expansive definition including fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and other aquatic animals.

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