QuestionsQuestions (EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 455)
Executive Order No. 455 is an administrative law instrument issued by the President that legally readjusts the geographic boundaries of the Municipality of Buenavista, amending Executive Order No. 373 only insofar as Buenavista’s boundaries are concerned.
It was issued pursuant to Section 68 of the Revised Administrative Code, based on the recommendation of the Provincial Board of Bohol.
EO 455 amended Executive Order No. 373 dated January 29, 1960, but only in relation to the boundaries of the Municipality of Buenavista.
The provincial board’s recommendation is a required factual predicate; EO 455 expressly states it was issued upon that recommendation.
It begins at Point 1 marked “a” on a boulder of 2 meters diameter, located on the right bank of Malijao Creek.
EO 455 enumerates multiple segments (Point 1 to Point 7 and beyond) by giving bearings (e.g., S 30°15' E; S 62°45' E) and distances (e.g., 1051.2 meters; 6320.5 meters) between named topographic features such as bridges and mountaintops.
The landmarks include Malijao Creek, Malijao Bridge, Mt. Campamingao, Mt. Lolo, Mt. Cabog, Mt. Tawagan, Mt. Catolo-an, and the Baugo River (including its left bank at the mouth).
Bearings and distances provide precise geodetic direction and length for each boundary line segment, making the boundary description more exact and enforceable.
After reaching the left bank of the mouth of the Baugo River, EO 455 directs that the boundary follows the boundary of the marine waters which the municipality shall have pursuant to Section 2321 of the Revised Administrative Code.
It is the reference for determining the municipality’s marine waters boundary; EO 455 instructs that from the mouth of the Baugo River, the boundary follows those marine waters as defined by Section 2321.
It closes the boundary loop, indicating that the defined boundary is a closed polygon: the last segment returns to the original start point.
It indicates the underlying local legislative act that supports the boundary proposal; EO 455 relies on that resolution as basis for the boundary readjustment.
Only boundaries: it explicitly states that the readjustment shall amend EO 373 insofar as Buenavista’s boundaries are concerned.
Because boundary enforcement depends on locating those physical references; incorrect identification can lead to disputes over jurisdiction, land classification, and authority.
The enabling authority (Sec. 68, Revised Administrative Code), the amending order (EO 373), the basis (Provincial Board recommendation/Resolution 442), the land boundary points with bearings/distances, the marine boundary reference (Sec. 2321), and the closed-loop point-of-beginning/end.