Question & AnswerQ&A (OCD)
Republic Act No. 10121 is officially titled as the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010.
The IRR prescribe the manner, procedures, and guidelines for the implementation of the PDRRM Act of 2010 to facilitate compliance and achieve its objectives.
The State upholds the constitutional rights to life and property by addressing root causes of vulnerabilities, strengthening institutional capacity, and building community resilience to disasters, including climate change impacts.
A disaster is a serious disruption of community or societal functioning involving widespread loss and impacts that exceeds the affected community's ability to cope using its own resources, often resulting from hazards combined with vulnerabilities and insufficient capacity.
The NDRRMC is headed by the Secretary of National Defense and includes secretaries of various departments such as Interior and Local Government, Social Welfare and Development, Science and Technology, National Economic and Development Authority, Health, Environment and Natural Resources, Agriculture, Education, and other relevant officials and representatives from CSOs and private sector.
The NDRRMC is responsible for policy making, coordination, supervision, and monitoring disaster risk reduction and management; developing frameworks and plans; advising the President; managing funds; ensuring multi-sectoral coordination; and overseeing treaty obligations on disaster management.
The OCD is the implementing arm of the NDRRMC tasked with administering national civil defense and disaster risk reduction programs, formulating plans, standards, and procedures, providing technical assistance, and operating the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Operations Center.
LDRRMCs exist at provincial, city, municipal, and barangay levels to oversee local disaster risk reduction. Their composition includes the Local Chief Executive as Chairperson, heads of local offices related to planning, health, agriculture, engineering, social welfare, police, and representatives from CSOs and private sector.
The LDRRMF, formerly the Local Calamity Fund, is funded by at least 5% of estimated regular local revenues and supports disaster risk management activities including preparedness, procurement of rescue equipment, relief, and recovery programs.
Penalties include fines ranging from Php 50,000 to Php 500,000, imprisonment of 6 years and 1 day up to 12 years, perpetual disqualification from public office for public officers, and confiscation of instruments used in offenses, with additional liabilities for corporations and deportation for aliens.
The National Council recommends to the President the declaration and lifting of a state of calamity based on criteria set by the Council. Local sanggunian may also declare or lift a state of calamity upon recommendation of the LDRRMC based on damage assessments.
Mandatory measures include imposition of price ceilings on basic necessities, monitoring and control of overpricing and hoarding, reprogramming funds for infrastructure repair, and granting no-interest loans to affected populations.
The QRF is a standby fund allocated as 30% of both the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund and the Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund to support immediate relief and recovery programs in disaster-affected areas.
LDRRMO coordinates disaster risk reduction programs locally, designs activities, supports risk assessments, consolidates disaster information, operates early warning systems, organizes trainings, manages resources, supports emergency response teams, and ensures compliance with disaster laws and policies.
DRR education shall be integrated into secondary and tertiary school curricula including formal, non-formal, technical-vocational, indigenous learning, and out-of-school youth programs, with participation encouraged in disaster preparedness activities and youth organizations.