Title
Yap vs. Court of Appeals
Case
G.R. No. L-40003
Decision Date
Oct 28, 1986
Maning Yap's estate contested between two families; first marriage valid, second void. New Civil Code governs distribution: widow, legitimate children, and natural children by legal fiction inherit shares.

Case Summary (G.R. No. L-40003)

Background of the Case

Maning Yap had two marriages: first, to Talina Bianong in 1939 through Muslim rites, with whom he had two surviving children, Shirley and Jaime Yap; and second, to Nancy Yap in a civil ceremony in 1948, believing he was not previously married, with whom he had four children. Maning Yap passed away in a plane crash, leading to a dispute regarding his estate.

Court of First Instance Decision

Following Maning Yap's death, Talina Bianong filed for administration of his estate, claiming it was worth approximately P100,000. Nancy Yap and her children opposed, asserting their status as legitimate heirs. The Court of First Instance initially sided with Talina and her children, declaring them legal heirs of Maning Yap and assigning the estate accordingly.

Court of Appeals Reversal

On appeal, the Court of Appeals reversed the lower court's decision, deciding that the estate should be equally divided between the two families of Maning Yap. The appellate court referenced an earlier case, Lao and Lao v. Dee Tim, which established precedent on the inheritance rights of innocent parties in bigamous marriages. This decision emphasized the equal division of the estate between families created by a man who entered into multiple marriages under a mistaken belief of his marital status.

Legal Discussion on Applicable Law

Petitioners argued that the distribution of Maning Yap's estate should be governed by the New Civil Code instead of the Leyes de Partidas, as the New Civil Code took effect before his death. The court agreed, citing Article 2263, which stipulates that inheritance rights of individuals who die after the implementation of the New Civil Code must be adjudicated according to its provisions.

Validity of Marriages

The court noted the legality of Talina Bianong's marriage to Maning Yap and recognized Nancy Yap's marriage as void ab initio due to Maning Yap’s prior existing marriage. The law, specifically Act 3613, rendered any subsequent marriage valid only under specific conditions that were not met in this case.

Distribution of the Estate

The court determined that the properties acquired by Maning Yap and Talina Bianong during their marriage were conjugal properties. Following the liquidation of debts, the estate was to be divided: Talina Bianong was entitled to one-h

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