Title
Vinzons-Chato vs. Commission on Elections
Case
G.R. No. 172131
Decision Date
Apr 2, 2007
Petitioner contested election results, alleging errors in returns. COMELEC dismissed, citing loss of jurisdiction post-proclamation; HRET deemed proper forum. SC upheld, affirming HRET's exclusive jurisdiction.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 172131)

Factual Background

Liwayway Vinzons-Chato, a candidate in the aforementioned elections, alleged that during the canvassing of votes by the Municipal Board of Canvassers (MBC) of Labo from May 10 to 12, 2004, her counsel identified several manifest errors and discrepancies in the election returns. Despite objections raised, the MBC concluded its canvassing and forwarded the results to the Provincial Board of Canvassers (PBC) without allowing Chato or her counsel sufficient time to present their objections. On May 14, 2004, the PBC denied Chato's petition for reconsideration and proclaimed Renato Unico as the elected representative for the district.

Procedural Antecedents

Chato subsequently filed a petition with COMELEC asserting that the election returns were fraught with manifest errors, including discrepancies regarding votes counted and ballots cast. COMELEC initially ordered the suspension of Unico's proclamation but later lifted this order, explaining that jurisdiction had shifted due to Unico's proclamation and oath of office. On April 13, 2005, having found Chato's petition lacking in merit, COMELEC dismissed it, establishing that matters addressed involved a re-count rather than merely correcting manifest errors.

COMELEC's Dismissal

The COMELEC en banc, in a resolution dated March 17, 2006, affirmed the dismissal by stating that it had lost jurisdiction to adjudicate cases regarding election returns and qualifications of members of the House of Representatives once a candidate was proclaimed and had assumed office. This decision was based on previous rulings establishing that the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal (HRET) holds exclusive jurisdiction over such election contests.

Legal Issues Raised by Petitioner

In her petition for certiorari, Chato argued that the COMELEC committed grave abuse of discretion by erroneously ruling that it lacked jurisdiction following Unico's oath-taking. She claimed Unico's proclamation was void due to irregularities in the election results and that the COMELEC retained authority over issues concerning manifest errors and the validity of proclamations.

Jurisdiction and Electoral Tribunals

The ruling clarified that according to Section 17, Article VI of the 1987 Philippine Constitution, the Senate and House of Representatives each have electoral tribunals which exclusively handle contes

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